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Vasculitis Flashcards

1
Q

what is vasculitis

A

inflammation of the blood vessels

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2
Q

cause of primary vasculitis

A

an inflammatory response that targets the vessel walls and has no known cause

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3
Q

cause of secondary vasculitis

A

may be triggered by an infection, a drug, or a toxin and may occur as part of another inflammatory disorder or cancer

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4
Q

give an example of a large vessel vasculitis

A

giant cell arteritis

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5
Q

what are ANCA-associated small vessel vasculitis

A

polyangitis

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6
Q

name 2 medium-vessel vasculitis

A

polyarteritis nodosa
kawasaki disease

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7
Q

who usually gets takayasu arteritis

A

<40, females, asian

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8
Q

early features of takayasu arteritis

A

low grade fever, malaise, night sweats, weight loss, arthralgia

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9
Q

late symptom of takayasu arteritis

A

claudication of upper and lower limbs

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10
Q

what is a complication of untreated takayasu arteritis

A

vascular stenosis and aneurysms

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11
Q

bloods in takayasu arteritis

A

raised inflammatory markers

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12
Q

imaging for takayasu arteritis

A

CT angiogram shows thickened vessel walls and stenosis

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13
Q

what is the most common cause of vasculitis in adults

A

giant cell arteritis

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14
Q

who usually presents with giant cell arteritis

A

> 50

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15
Q

what does giant cell arteritis have a strong association with

A

polymyalgia rheumatica

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16
Q

clinical presentation of giant cell arteritis

A

unilateral acute temporal headache
jaw claudication
visual disturbances/loss

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17
Q

clinical sign of giant cell arteritis

A

tender enlarged non-pulsatile temporal arteries

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18
Q

bloods in giant cell arteritis

A

raised inflammatory markers

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19
Q

first line investigation for giant cell arteritis

A

temporal artery USS

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20
Q

gold standard investigation for giant cell arteritis

A

temporal artery biopsy

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21
Q

management of giant cell arteritis

A

prednisolone 40-60mg daily

22
Q

what is polyarteritis nodosa

A

medium vessel arteritis

23
Q

what can cause secondary polyarteritis nodosa

24
Q

what system is most commonly involved in polyarteritis nodosa and how does it present

A

renal
hypertension, function impairment

25
name some other symptoms of polyarteritis nodosa
purpura, ulcers muscle pain mononeuritis abdo pain, diarrhoea
26
investigations for polyarteritis nodosa
tissue biopsy + angiogram
27
management of organ threatening polyarteritis nodosa
steroids + cyclophosphamide
28
management of non-organ threatening polyarteritis nodosa
steroids + azathioprine/methotrexate
29
what would be an example of a sign that polyarteritis nodosa is organ threatening
renal failure
30
what is granulomatosis with polyangiitis
granulomatous inflammation affecting small and medium sized vessels
31
who usually presents with granulomatosis with polyangiitis
35-55, slightly more men
32
key features of granulomatosis with polyangiitis
nasal symptoms respiratory symptoms glomerulonephritis
33
autoantibody in granulomatosis with polyangiitis
c-ANCA
34
what is microscopic polyangiitis
necrotising vasculitis of small vessels with few immune deposits
35
clinical presentation of miscroscopic polyangiitis
necrotising glomerulonephritis
36
which vasculitis are positive for pANCA
EGPA and MPA
37
bloods of ANCA-associated small vessel vasculitis
ESR, PV and CRP raised anaemia common
38
what is required to make a definitive diagnosis of ANCA-associated small vessel vasculitis
biopsy
39
management of ANCA-associated small vessel vasculitis
steroids + methotrexate
40
what is Henoch-Schonlein purpura
IgA vasculitis
41
who usually presents with Henoch-Schonlein purpura
children 2-11
42
what is common for setting off Henoch-Schonlein purpura
preceding infection/ immunisation
43
clinical presentation of HSP
purpuric rash over bum and lower legs joint pain abdo pain renal involvement
44
how do we monitor Henoch-Schonlein purpura
urine dipstick for renal involvement blood pressure for hypertension
45
management of Henoch-Schonlein purpura
self-limiting
46
who does polymyalgia rheumatica occur in
>50
47
what is polymyalgia rheumatica associated with
giant cell arteritis
48
clinical presentation of polymyalgia rheumatica
proximal myalgia of hip and shoulders with morning stiffness >45 mins usually symmetrical pain worse with movement
49
clinical signs of polymyalgia rheumatica
reduced movement of shoulders, neck and hips normal muscle strength upper arm tenderness carpel tunnel
50
management of polymyalgia rheumatica
prednisolone 15mg daily gradual reduction over 18 months

musculoskeletal (30 decks)

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