Malignant Bone Tumours Flashcards
what is the most common malignant primary bone tumour
multiple myeloma
clinical presentation of primary bone cancer
persistent increasing pain - worse at night, not associated with movement
swelling/erythema over joint
palpable mass
pathological fracture
what is multiple myeloma
malignant disease of the plasma cells of the bone marrow
who does myeloma generally affect
older patients
clinical presentation of multiple myeloma
hypercalcaemia, anaemia, renal impairment and bone pain
what is osteosarcoma
malignant tumour which produces bone
usual spread of osteosarcoma
haematogenous
when do most cases of osteosarcoma present
adolescence and early adulthood
what is associated with elderly presentations of osteosarcoma
pagets
where do most osteosarcomas occur
around the knee: distal femur, proximal tibia
management of osteosarcoma
chemo + limb salvage
what is a chondrosarcoma
cartilage producing primary bone tumour
who tends to present with chondrosarcoma
40-75
where do chondrosarcomas tend to be found
pelvis or proximal femur
where do fibrosarcoma’s tend to occur
in abnormal bone
what is ewing’s sarcoma
primary bone tumour of the endothelial cells of the bone marrow
what characterises ewings sarcoma
loss of bone
most common age for ewings sarcoma to present
10-20
clinical presentation of ewings
Hot, swollen, tender joint or limb with raised inflammatory markers
where is ewings usually found
diaphysis of long bones: distal femur, proximal tibia
karyotypic abnormality seen in ewings
t(11;22)
management of ewings
chemo with limb salvage +/- adjuvant radiation
name 5 cancers which commonly met to bones
breast
prostate
lung
renal cell carcinoma
thyroid
name some bones associated with mets
vertebra, pelvis, skull, ribs, femur
