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musculoskeletal > Benign Bone Tumours > Flashcards

Benign Bone Tumours Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common benign bone tumour

A

osteochondroma

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2
Q

what is osteochondroma derived from

A

aberrant cartilage from the perichondrial ring

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3
Q

inheritance seen in multiple hereditary exotosis

A

autosomal dominant

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4
Q

what can be a cause of multiple osteochondroma

A

multiple hereditary exotosis

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5
Q

pathophysiology of osteochondroma

A

bony outgrowth on the external surface with a cartilaginous cap

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6
Q

presentation of osteochondroma

A

painless hard lump
may be symptoms on activity: pain from tendons, numbness from nerve compression

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7
Q

most common site of osteochondroma

A

near the knee

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8
Q

main investigation for osteochondroma

A

x-ray

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9
Q

x-ray of osteochondroma shows…

A

cartilage capped ossified pedicle

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10
Q

what can be a complication of osteochondroma

A

transformation into chondrosarcoma

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11
Q

management of osteochondroma

A

observation, remove any lesion growing in size or causing pain

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12
Q

what is the 2 most common benign bone tumour

A

enchondroma

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13
Q

what causes enchondroma

A

failure of normal chondral ossification at the growth plate

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14
Q

when do enchondroma usually present

A

20-50

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15
Q

where can enchondroma occur

A

femur, humerus, tibia and small bones of the hands and feet

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16
Q

how may enchondroma present

A

pathological fracture due to weakened bone
mostly incidental findings

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17
Q

investigation of enchondroma

A

x-ray

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18
Q

appearance of enchondroma on x-ray

A

patch sclerotic appearance

19
Q

management of enchondroma

A

scaping out and filled with bone graft to strengthen if needed

20
Q

what is a simple bone cyst

A

single cavity benign fluid filled cyst in a bone

21
Q

clinical presentation of simple bone cyst

A

usually incidental but can cause pathological fracture

22
Q

management of simple bone cyst

A

curettage and bone grafting +/- stabilisation

23
Q

aneurysmal bone cyst

A

many chambers which are filled with blood or serum

24
Q

pathophysiology of an aneurysmal bone cyst

A

lesion is locally aggressive causing cortical expansion and destruction

25
Q

presentation of an aneurysmal bone cyst

A

painful mass/swelling
pathological fracture

26
Q

management of aneurysmal bone cyst

A

curettage and grafting or use of bone cement

27
Q

is a giant cell tumour of bone benign or malignant

A

benign

28
Q

x-ray of giant cell tumour of bone

A

soap bubble appearance

29
Q

histology of giant cell tumour of bone

A

multi-nucleated giant cells

30
Q

complication of giant cell tumour of bone

A

can met to the lung with benign pulmonary GCT

31
Q

management of giant cell tumour of bone

A

Intralesional excision with use of phenol, bone cement or liquid nitrogen

32
Q

what is fibrous dysplasia

A

benign developmental disorders that causes normal tissue to be replaced by fibrous tissue

33
Q

when does fibrous dysplasia usually occur

A

in adolescence

34
Q

monostotic fibrous dysplasia

A

affects one bone

35
Q

polyostotic fibrous dysplasia

A

affects multiple bones

36
Q

shepherd’s crook deformity on x-ray

A

fibrous dysplasia of the femur

37
Q

management of fibrous dysplasia

A

bisphosphonates to reduce pain
stabilisation of pathological fractures

38
Q

who usually gets osteoid osteoma

A

children
5-25

39
Q

common sites for osteoid osteoma

A

proximal femur, diaphysis of long bones and the vertebrae

40
Q

clinical presentation of osteoid osteoma

A

intense constant pain, worse at night

41
Q

what can relieve the pain caused by osteoid osteoma

A

NSAIDs

42
Q

investigations of osteoid osteoma

A

x-ray but CT to confirm diagnosis

43
Q

CT of osteoid osteoma

A

small nidus of immature woven bone surrounded by an intense osteoblastic rim

44
Q

management of osteoid osteoma

A

some resolve spontaneously
CT guided radiofrequency ablation or enbloc excision

musculoskeletal (30 decks)

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