Benign Bone Tumours Flashcards
what is the most common benign bone tumour
osteochondroma
what is osteochondroma derived from
aberrant cartilage from the perichondrial ring
inheritance seen in multiple hereditary exotosis
autosomal dominant
what can be a cause of multiple osteochondroma
multiple hereditary exotosis
pathophysiology of osteochondroma
bony outgrowth on the external surface with a cartilaginous cap
presentation of osteochondroma
painless hard lump
may be symptoms on activity: pain from tendons, numbness from nerve compression
most common site of osteochondroma
near the knee
main investigation for osteochondroma
x-ray
x-ray of osteochondroma shows…
cartilage capped ossified pedicle
what can be a complication of osteochondroma
transformation into chondrosarcoma
management of osteochondroma
observation, remove any lesion growing in size or causing pain
what is the 2 most common benign bone tumour
enchondroma
what causes enchondroma
failure of normal chondral ossification at the growth plate
when do enchondroma usually present
20-50
where can enchondroma occur
femur, humerus, tibia and small bones of the hands and feet
how may enchondroma present
pathological fracture due to weakened bone
mostly incidental findings
investigation of enchondroma
x-ray
appearance of enchondroma on x-ray
patch sclerotic appearance
management of enchondroma
scaping out and filled with bone graft to strengthen if needed
what is a simple bone cyst
single cavity benign fluid filled cyst in a bone
clinical presentation of simple bone cyst
usually incidental but can cause pathological fracture
management of simple bone cyst
curettage and bone grafting +/- stabilisation
aneurysmal bone cyst
many chambers which are filled with blood or serum
pathophysiology of an aneurysmal bone cyst
lesion is locally aggressive causing cortical expansion and destruction
presentation of an aneurysmal bone cyst
painful mass/swelling
pathological fracture
management of aneurysmal bone cyst
curettage and grafting or use of bone cement
is a giant cell tumour of bone benign or malignant
benign
x-ray of giant cell tumour of bone
soap bubble appearance
histology of giant cell tumour of bone
multi-nucleated giant cells
complication of giant cell tumour of bone
can met to the lung with benign pulmonary GCT
management of giant cell tumour of bone
Intralesional excision with use of phenol, bone cement or liquid nitrogen
what is fibrous dysplasia
benign developmental disorders that causes normal tissue to be replaced by fibrous tissue
when does fibrous dysplasia usually occur
in adolescence
monostotic fibrous dysplasia
affects one bone
polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
affects multiple bones
shepherd’s crook deformity on x-ray
fibrous dysplasia of the femur
management of fibrous dysplasia
bisphosphonates to reduce pain
stabilisation of pathological fractures
who usually gets osteoid osteoma
children
5-25
common sites for osteoid osteoma
proximal femur, diaphysis of long bones and the vertebrae
clinical presentation of osteoid osteoma
intense constant pain, worse at night
what can relieve the pain caused by osteoid osteoma
NSAIDs
investigations of osteoid osteoma
x-ray but CT to confirm diagnosis
CT of osteoid osteoma
small nidus of immature woven bone surrounded by an intense osteoblastic rim
management of osteoid osteoma
some resolve spontaneously
CT guided radiofrequency ablation or enbloc excision
