Soft Tissue Swellings Flashcards

1
Q

where can a giant cell tumour of the tendon sheath be found

A

tendon sheath of the hands and feet

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2
Q

pathophysiology of a giant cell tumour of the tendon sheath

A

benign regenerative hyperplasia with inflammatory processes

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3
Q

clinical presentation of a giant cell tumour of the tendon sheath

A

firm, discreet swelling usually on the volar aspects of the digits

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4
Q

investigation of a giant cell tumour of the tendon sheath

A

imaging: x-ray, ultrasound, MRI

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5
Q

usually management of a giant cell tumour of the tendon sheath

A

leave alone if no functional issue

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6
Q

what is a mucous cyst

A

Outpouching of synovial fluid from DIP caused by early OA

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7
Q

who usually gets a mucous cyst

A

women 40-60

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8
Q

when may excision of a mucous cyst be considered

A

particularly deep/cracked nail ridges or constantly discharging

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9
Q

what is a ganglion cyst

A

outpouching of the synovium lining of joints and filled with synovial fluid

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10
Q

what can cause a ganglion cyst

A

can be developmental or as a result of underlying joint damage/arthritis with a build up of pressure in the joint

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11
Q

why is a ganglion cyst not seen as a true cyst

A

has no epithelial lining

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12
Q

where are ganglion cysts often seen

A

around the wrist

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13
Q

what is a sebaceous cyst

A

slow growing, painless, mobile swelling formed by blockage of the sebaceous gland

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14
Q

where do sebaceous originate from

A

the hair follicles

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15
Q

where do sebaceous cysts commonly occur

A

face, trunk and neck

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16
Q

management of a sebaceous cyst

A

may require excision +/- biopsy

17
Q

what is an abscess

A

a discreet collection of pus

18
Q

what can cause abscess on a limb

A

cellulitis, bursitis, penetrating wounds, infected sebaceous cysts

19
Q

clinical presentation of an abscess

A

history of trauma or cellulitis
defined and fluctuant swelling
erythema, pain

20
Q

management of an abscess

A

surgical excision + drainage
antibiotics
rest, elevation, analgesia and splint

21
Q

what is nodular fasciitis

A

benign proliferation of fibroblastic and myofibroblast cells

22
Q

clinical presentation of nodular fasciitis

A

young adults, upper extremity
rapidly growing, <5cm
circumscribed

23
Q

management of nodular fasciitis

A

reassurance - spontaneous resolution and don’t recur

24
Q

what is myositis ossificans

A

abnormal calcification of a muscle haematoma following trauma

25
clinical presentation of myositis ossificans
initial soft swelling which hardens over several weeks
26
where is myositis ossificans often associated with
insertions of large muscles of the arms and legs
27
investigations of myositis ossificans and positive findings
x-ray and MRI shows peripheral mineralisation
28
management of myositis ossificans
observation, intervene if bothersome symptoms MUST WAIT UNTIL MATURITY OF OSSIFICATION (6-12mths) or they'll recur
29
what is bursitis
inflammation of the synovium-lined sacks that protect bony prominences and joints
30
what is a bunion
bursitis over the medial 1st metatarsal head in the hallux valgus
31
why does bursitis occur
repeated pressure or trauma
32
management of bursitis
NSAIDs, analgesia antibiotics