Elbow Conditions

Question 1

mechanism of injury of elbow dislocation

Answer 1

fall onto outstretched hand

Question 2

what can a pulled elbow in a child lead to

Answer 2

sole radial head dislocation

Question 3

clinical presentation of elbow dislocation

Answer 3

pain and swelling over the elbow

Question 4

investigation of elbow dislocation

Answer 4

x-ray: AP and lateral

Question 5

management of elbow dislocation

Answer 5

reduction + 2 weeks in sling, rehab

Question 6

what is there a small risk of in elbow dislocation

Answer 6

radial head and corodontoid fractures

Question 7

what is the usual mechanism of injury with supracondylar fracture

Answer 7

fallen onto outstretched hand

Question 8

clinical presentation of supracondylar fracture

Answer 8

pain
refusal to move elbow

Question 9

clinical signs of supracondylar fracture

Answer 9

gross deformity, swelling, ecchymosis
limited active elbow movement

Question 10

XR sign of supracondylar fracture

Answer 10

posterior fat pad

Question 11

conservative management of supracondylar fracture

Answer 11

cast

Question 12

operative management of supracondylar fracture

Answer 12

reduction and percutaneous pinning

Question 13

complication of supracondylar fracture

Answer 13

damage to the brachial artery

Question 14

which nerve may also be at risk during a supracondylar fracture

Answer 14

median nerve

Question 15

what is the olecranon

Answer 15

site of insertion of the triceps tendon

Question 16

role of the olecranon

Answer 16

extension of the elbow

Question 17

symptom of olecranon fracture

Answer 17

pain well localised to posterior elbow

Question 18

conservative management of olecranon fracture

Answer 18

cast

Question 19

operative management of olecranon fracture

Answer 19

tension band wiring, ORIF plate fixation

Question 20

what is another name for lateral epicondylitis

Answer 20

tennis elbow

Question 21

what usually causes tennis elbow

Answer 21

repeated or excessive pronation/supination and extension of the wrist

Question 22

pathophysiology of tennis elbow

Answer 22

micro-tears in the common extensor origin

Question 23

clinical presentation of tennis elbow

Answer 23

pain and tenderness over the lateral epicondyle to the attachment of the forearm
pain is worse on stretching muscles

Question 24

conservative management of epicondylitis

Answer 24

rest, physio, injections of LA/steroids

Question 25

what is another name for medial epicondylitis

Answer 25

golfers elbow

Question 26

what causes golfers elbow

Answer 26

repetitive strain or degeneration of the common flexor origin

Question 27

clinical presentation of golfers elbow

Answer 27

medial elbow pain with a tender point over the origin of the flexors
pain aggravated by wrist flexion and pronation

Question 28

what is cubital tunnel syndrome

Answer 28

compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow behind the medial epicondyle

Question 29

who presents with cubital tunnel syndrome

Answer 29

> 30 yrs, male

Question 30

pathophysiology of cubital tunnel syndrome

Answer 30

tight band of fascia on the roof of the tunnel or tightness at the intermuscular septum

Question 31

early symptoms of cubital tunnel

Answer 31

ulnar pins + needles, pain and clumsiness

Question 32

late symptoms of cubital tunnel

Answer 32

numbness, weakness

Question 33

clinical signs of cubital tunnel

Answer 33

hypothenar and interosseous atrophy
clawing of ring and small finger
weakness of abductor digiti minimi

Question 34

investigation of cubital tunnel

Answer 34

nerve conduction studies

Question 35

conservative management of cubital tunnel

Answer 35

NSAIDs, activity modification

Question 36

operative management of cubital tunnel

Answer 36

ulnar nerve decompression