Elbow Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

mechanism of injury of elbow dislocation

A

fall onto outstretched hand

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2
Q

what can a pulled elbow in a child lead to

A

sole radial head dislocation

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3
Q

clinical presentation of elbow dislocation

A

pain and swelling over the elbow

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4
Q

investigation of elbow dislocation

A

x-ray: AP and lateral

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5
Q

management of elbow dislocation

A

reduction + 2 weeks in sling, rehab

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6
Q

what is there a small risk of in elbow dislocation

A

radial head and corodontoid fractures

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7
Q

what is the usual mechanism of injury with supracondylar fracture

A

fallen onto outstretched hand

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8
Q

clinical presentation of supracondylar fracture

A

pain
refusal to move elbow

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9
Q

clinical signs of supracondylar fracture

A

gross deformity, swelling, ecchymosis
limited active elbow movement

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10
Q

XR sign of supracondylar fracture

A

posterior fat pad

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11
Q

conservative management of supracondylar fracture

A

cast

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12
Q

operative management of supracondylar fracture

A

reduction and percutaneous pinning

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13
Q

complication of supracondylar fracture

A

damage to the brachial artery

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14
Q

which nerve may also be at risk during a supracondylar fracture

A

median nerve

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15
Q

what is the olecranon

A

site of insertion of the triceps tendon

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16
Q

role of the olecranon

A

extension of the elbow

17
Q

symptom of olecranon fracture

A

pain well localised to posterior elbow

18
Q

conservative management of olecranon fracture

19
Q

operative management of olecranon fracture

A

tension band wiring, ORIF plate fixation

20
Q

what is another name for lateral epicondylitis

A

tennis elbow

21
Q

what usually causes tennis elbow

A

repeated or excessive pronation/supination and extension of the wrist

22
Q

pathophysiology of tennis elbow

A

micro-tears in the common extensor origin

23
Q

clinical presentation of tennis elbow

A

pain and tenderness over the lateral epicondyle to the attachment of the forearm
pain is worse on stretching muscles

24
Q

conservative management of epicondylitis

A

rest, physio, injections of LA/steroids

25
what is another name for medial epicondylitis
golfers elbow
26
what causes golfers elbow
repetitive strain or degeneration of the common flexor origin
27
clinical presentation of golfers elbow
medial elbow pain with a tender point over the origin of the flexors pain aggravated by wrist flexion and pronation
28
what is cubital tunnel syndrome
compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow behind the medial epicondyle
29
who presents with cubital tunnel syndrome
>30 yrs, male
30
pathophysiology of cubital tunnel syndrome
tight band of fascia on the roof of the tunnel or tightness at the intermuscular septum
31
early symptoms of cubital tunnel
ulnar pins + needles, pain and clumsiness
32
late symptoms of cubital tunnel
numbness, weakness
33
clinical signs of cubital tunnel
hypothenar and interosseous atrophy clawing of ring and small finger weakness of abductor digiti minimi
34
investigation of cubital tunnel
nerve conduction studies
35
conservative management of cubital tunnel
NSAIDs, activity modification
36
operative management of cubital tunnel
ulnar nerve decompression