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Hand Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

what is dupuytrens contracture

A

superficial fibromatosis that starts in the hand

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2
Q

age of patients who present with dupuytrens contracture

A

60 yrs

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3
Q

risk factors for dupuytrens contracture

A

DM
alcohol, smoking
genetic predisposition
repetitive trauma

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4
Q

what type are the bands in dupuytrens contracture

A

collagen type 3

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5
Q

pathophysiology of dupuytrens contracture

A

excessive myofibroblast proliferation and altered collagen matrix composition leads to thickened and contracted palmar fascia

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6
Q

clinical presentation of dupuytrens contracture

A

painless, gradual progression
usually starts in the palmar pit

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7
Q

clinical signs of dupuytrens contracture

A

palpate chords
table-top test

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8
Q

conservative management of dupuytrens contracture

A

stretches

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9
Q

surgical management of dupuytrens contracture

A

fasciectomy

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10
Q

what usually causes interphalangeal joint dislocation

A

hyperextension injury

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11
Q

which direction is interphalangeal joint dislocation usually

A

posteriorly

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12
Q

management of interphalangeal joint dislocation

A

closed reduction

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13
Q

what is a boxers fracture

A

Fracture of the 5th metacarpal neck

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14
Q

what usually causes a boxers fracture

A

a clenched fist striking a hard object

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15
Q

management of boxers fracture

A

buddy strap + early mobilisation

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16
Q

what is a bennetts fracutre

A

fracture of the 1st metacarpal base

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17
Q

what usually causes a bennetts fracture

A

forced hyperabduction of the thumb

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18
Q

clinical presentation of bennetts fracture

A

acute pain at the base of the thumb

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19
Q

management of bennetts fracture

A

reduction and fixation with K wires

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20
Q

what is trigger finger

A

inhibition of smooth tendon gliding due to mechanical impingement at the level of the A1 pulley

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21
Q

who presents with trigger finger

A

females, >50. diabetics

22
Q

clinical presentation of trigger finger

A

pain over A1 pulley
sticking of the finger, usually in flexion

23
Q

conservative management of trigger finger

A

resolves spontaneously
splint to prevent flexion

24
Q

what is paronychia

A

infection within the nail fold

25
what is paronychia associated with
nail biting
26
name some organisms associated with acute paronychia
staph aureus strep pyogenes
27
what usually causes paronychia
candida
28
clinical presentation of paronychia
inflammation and redness around the fingertip
29
management of paronychia
elevate, antibiotics, incise and drain pus collection
30
management of subungual haematoma
trephine
31
what can cause a flexor tendon sheath infection
direct penetrating injury, haematogenous spread
32
clinical presentation of flexor tendon sheath infection
extremely painful, limited extension
33
kanavels cardinal signs of flexor tendon sheath infection
- Affected finger held in fixed flexion - Fusiform swelling over finger - Painful to percuss over sheath - Painful on passive extension
34
management of flexor tendon sheath infection
elevation and high dose antibiotics
35
what commonly causes flexor tendon injuries
volar lacerations
36
how are flexor tendon injuries classified
by the zone of unjury
37
clinical presentation of flexor tendon injuries
loss of active flexion strength or motion of the involved digits
38
investigation of flexor tendon injuries
XR and US
39
what is mallet finger
an avulsion of the extensor tendon from the distal phalanx resulting in inability to actively extend the DIPJ
40
what causes mallet finger
object hitting the top of the thumb
41
clinical presentation of mallet finger
tenderness/bruising no resisted finger extension on examination
42
management of congruent mallet finger
mallet splint for 6 weeks
43
management of incongruent mallet finger
fixation with K wires or screws
44
management of chronic mallet finger
dermatotendonesis
45
condition associated with extensor pollicus longus rupture
RA
46
who gets primary raynauds
teenagers with no underlying autoimmune disease
47
who gets secondary raynauds
older groups with autoimmune diseases
48
clinical presentation of raynauds
fingertips change white-blue-red
49
lifestyle management of raynauds
smoking cessation warm gloves avoid cold exposure
50
first line pharm management of raynauds
dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers

musculoskeletal (30 decks)

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