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Muscle Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what characterises inflammatory myopathies

A

weakness

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1
Q

what characterises polymyalgia rheumatica

A

pain and stiffness

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1
Q

what characterises fibromyalgia

A

pain and fatigue

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2
Q

what is myopathy

A

a disease in which the muscle fibres don’t function properly

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3
Q

what is polymyositis

A

idiopathic inflammatory myopathy that causes symmetrical, proximal muscle weakness

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4
Q

what is dermatomyositis

A

polymyositis + typical cutaneous manifestations

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5
Q

which gender is more likely to get polymyositis

A

females

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6
Q

peak incidence age of polymyositis

A

40-50

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7
Q

pathophysiology of polymyositis

A

CD8+ T cells and macrophages surround, invade and destroy healthy, non-necrotic muscle fibres

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8
Q

symptoms of polymyositis

A

symmetrical, proximal muscle weakness in the upper and lower extremities
often present with a specific problem
insidious onset

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9
Q

clinical sign of polymyositis

A

muscle wasting

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10
Q

name 2 types of examination tests you can do for polymyositis

A

confrontational and isotonic testing

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11
Q

confrontational testing for polymyositis

A

comparing your strength to the patient’s

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12
Q

isotonic testing for polymyalgia

A

30 second sit to stand

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13
Q

3 derm signs of dermatomyositis

A

hellitrope rash
gottrons sign
shawl sign

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14
Q

what is gottrons sign

A

red/purple plaques on the back of the fingers, elbows or knees

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15
Q

name some other signs of organ involvement you may see in polymyositis

A

ILD, dysphagia, myocarditis, raynauds

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16
Q

bloods to investigate polymyositis

A

creatine kinase (largely raised)
inflammatory markers
autoantibodies

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17
Q

myositis specific autoantibodies

A

anti-jo-1
ant-SRP

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18
Q

name some non-specific autoantibodies that may be positive in myositis

A

ANA, anti-RNP

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19
Q

what is used to localise muscle involvement in polymyositis

20
Q

what is a definitive test for polymyositis

A

muscle biopsy

21
Q

biopsy of polymyositis shows…

A

perivascular inflammation and muscle necrosis

22
Q

1st line management of polymyositis

A

prednisolone

23
name 2 complications of polymyositis
increased risk of malignancy anti-synthetase syndrome
24
what is fibromyalgia
a neurosensory disorder characterised by chronic MSK pain
25
what is the most common cause of MSK pain in women 22-50
fibromyalgia
26
what can cause fibromyalgia to begin
emotional or physical trauma
27
clinical presentation of fibromyalgia
persistent widespread pain fatigue headaches anxiety, depression non-cardiac chest pain
28
how do we diagnose fibromyalgia
clinical diagnosis of exclusion
29
management of fibromyalgia
graded exercise programme CBT accupuncture
30
what is myasthenia gravis associated with
other autoimmune conditions: SLE, rheumatoid arthritis, thyrotoxicosis
31
most common age of presentation of myasthenia gravis
60-70
32
tumour associated with myasthenia gravis
thymic tumour
33
what kind of reaction is myasthenia gravis
type 2 hypersensitivity
34
clinical presentation of myasthenia gravis
insidious onset, initial complaint involves ocular muscles fatigue and progressive muscle weakness
35
testing for myasthenia gravis
anti-AChR IgG in serum
36
first line management of myasthenia gravis
anticholinesterases
37
what is myonecrosis
necrotising soft tissue infection caused by the proliferation and spread of c.perfringens from a contaminated wound
38
clinical presentation of myonecrosis
disproportionate muscle pain oedema and skin discolouration (bronze-red/purple-black
39
imaging of myonecrosis
shows a feathering pattern of the soft tissue
40
management of myonecrosis
immediate surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy
41
what is pyomyositis
acute intramuscular infection
42
most common cause of pyomyositis
staph aureus
43
name 3 risk factors for pyomyositis
PWIDs DM immunosuppressed
44
clinical presentation of pyomyositis
fever pain and swelling in the affected area (usually lower extremities)
45
management of pyomyositis
surgical debridement and antibiotics
46
give some viruses that can cause viral myositis
influenza, enterovirus, HIV, CMV
47
clinical presentation of viral myositis
pain, tenderness and swelling of muscle a few days after the onset of a fever
48
bloods in viral myositis
elevated CK
49
what causes tetanus
c.tetani toxin

musculoskeletal (30 decks)

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