Imaging

Question 1

what are the 2 natures of bone malignancy on imaging

Answer 1

lytic and sclerotic

Question 2

what is a lytic bone lesion

Answer 2

bone destruction

Question 3

what is a sclerotic bone lesion

Answer 3

bone formation

Question 4

when might you use a CT to image spinal trauma

Answer 4

normal but high clinical suspicion of a fracture
want to see things in better detail

Question 5

what may cause you to suspect a spinal fracture

Answer 5

high energy injury
associated head injury
abnormal neuro exam

Question 6

when might you use MRI in spinal trauma

Answer 6

to have a look at spinal ligaments

Question 7

what is the best modality of imaging for the spinal chord and IV discs

Answer 7

MRI

Question 8

describe the normal smooth curve of the spine

Answer 8

cervical lordosis
thoracic kyphosis
lumbar lordosis

Question 9

what is a kyphosis

Answer 9

outward curvature of the spine

Question 10

what is a lordosis

Answer 10

inward curvature of the spine

Question 11

what is special about the C1 verebra

Answer 11

has no vertebral body

Question 12

what is special about the C2 vertebra

Answer 12

has an adontoid process that projects superiorly into C1 anterior to the spinal canal

Question 13

what is the role of an intervertebral disc

Answer 13

cushion the vertebrae from stress

Question 14

what may intervertebral disc herniation cause

Answer 14

sciatica

Question 15

mnemonic to remember the radiographic features of osteoarthritis

Answer 15

LOSS

Question 16

radiographic features of osteoarthritis

Answer 16

loss of joint space
osteophytes
subchondral sclerosis
synovial cysts

Question 17

mnemonic to remember the radiographic features of rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 17

DOES

Question 18

radiographic features of rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 18

deformity
osteopenia
erosion
soft tissue swelling

Question 19

name some seronegative arthritides

Answer 19

ankylosing spondylitis
psoriatic arthritis
reiter’s syndrome

Question 20

what 2 radiographic features characterise seronegative arthritides

Answer 20

synovitis
enthesitis

Question 21

what is synovitis

Answer 21

inflammation of joint and tendon sheath linings

Question 22

what is enthesitis

Answer 22

inflammation at the sites where ligaments and tendons attach to bones

Question 23

distribution seen in psoriatic arthritis

Answer 23

small joints of the hands and feet

Question 24

distribution seen in ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 24

scattered large lower limb joints

Question 25

what causes a transverse fracture

Answer 25

pure bending force

Question 26

what causes a spiral fracture

Answer 26

torsional fractures

Question 27

what causes an oblique fractures

Answer 27

shearing force

Question 28

how can you fix an oblique fracture

Answer 28

with an interfragmentary screw

Question 29

what is a comminution fracture

Answer 29

fractures with 3 or more fragments

Question 30

what is a segmental fracture

Answer 30

where the bone is fractured in 2 separate places

Question 31

what is an avulsion fracture

Answer 31

where soft tissue is pulled off from the bone, taking a fragment of cortical bone with it

Question 32

what is translation of a fracture

Answer 32

the movement of fractured bones away from each other

Question 33

what is angulation of a fracture

Answer 33

the direction in which the distal fragment points towards, and the degree of this deformity

Question 34

how is angulation measured

Answer 34

in degrees from the longitudinal axis of the diaphysis of a long bone

Question 35

what can be useful for detecting stress fractures

Answer 35

technetium bone scan

Question 36

what does a visible posterior fat pad indicate

Answer 36

elbow trauma

Question 37

who usually presents with a colles fraction

Answer 37

elderly with osteoporosis

Question 38

what are colloid fractures associated with

Answer 38

ulnar styloid fractures

Question 39

who usually presents with a radial buckle fracture

Answer 39

children with soft bones

Question 40

what is a colles fracture

Answer 40

dorsal angulation of the radius

Question 41

who usually presents with a scaphoid fracture

Answer 41

young-middle aged males

Question 42

how does a scaphoid fracture present

Answer 42

pain in the anatomical snuff box

Question 43

who usually presents with a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus

Answer 43

post-menopausal females

Question 44

what is a complication of a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus

Answer 44

damage to the axillary nerve

Question 45

what should be used to identify a posterior shoulder dislocation

Answer 45

oblique view x-ray