Imaging Flashcards
what are the 2 natures of bone malignancy on imaging
lytic and sclerotic
what is a lytic bone lesion
bone destruction
what is a sclerotic bone lesion
bone formation
when might you use a CT to image spinal trauma
normal but high clinical suspicion of a fracture
want to see things in better detail
what may cause you to suspect a spinal fracture
high energy injury
associated head injury
abnormal neuro exam
when might you use MRI in spinal trauma
to have a look at spinal ligaments
what is the best modality of imaging for the spinal chord and IV discs
MRI
describe the normal smooth curve of the spine
cervical lordosis
thoracic kyphosis
lumbar lordosis
what is a kyphosis
outward curvature of the spine
what is a lordosis
inward curvature of the spine
what is special about the C1 verebra
has no vertebral body
what is special about the C2 vertebra
has an adontoid process that projects superiorly into C1 anterior to the spinal canal
what is the role of an intervertebral disc
cushion the vertebrae from stress
what may intervertebral disc herniation cause
sciatica
mnemonic to remember the radiographic features of osteoarthritis
LOSS
radiographic features of osteoarthritis
loss of joint space
osteophytes
subchondral sclerosis
synovial cysts
mnemonic to remember the radiographic features of rheumatoid arthritis
DOES
radiographic features of rheumatoid arthritis
deformity
osteopenia
erosion
soft tissue swelling
name some seronegative arthritides
ankylosing spondylitis
psoriatic arthritis
reiter’s syndrome
what 2 radiographic features characterise seronegative arthritides
synovitis
enthesitis
what is synovitis
inflammation of joint and tendon sheath linings
what is enthesitis
inflammation at the sites where ligaments and tendons attach to bones
distribution seen in psoriatic arthritis
small joints of the hands and feet
distribution seen in ankylosing spondylitis
scattered large lower limb joints
what causes a transverse fracture
pure bending force
what causes a spiral fracture
torsional fractures
what causes an oblique fractures
shearing force
how can you fix an oblique fracture
with an interfragmentary screw
what is a comminution fracture
fractures with 3 or more fragments
what is a segmental fracture
where the bone is fractured in 2 separate places
what is an avulsion fracture
where soft tissue is pulled off from the bone, taking a fragment of cortical bone with it
what is translation of a fracture
the movement of fractured bones away from each other
what is angulation of a fracture
the direction in which the distal fragment points towards, and the degree of this deformity
how is angulation measured
in degrees from the longitudinal axis of the diaphysis of a long bone
what can be useful for detecting stress fractures
technetium bone scan
what does a visible posterior fat pad indicate
elbow trauma
who usually presents with a colles fraction
elderly with osteoporosis
what are colloid fractures associated with
ulnar styloid fractures
who usually presents with a radial buckle fracture
children with soft bones
what is a colles fracture
dorsal angulation of the radius
who usually presents with a scaphoid fracture
young-middle aged males
how does a scaphoid fracture present
pain in the anatomical snuff box
who usually presents with a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus
post-menopausal females
what is a complication of a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus
damage to the axillary nerve
what should be used to identify a posterior shoulder dislocation
oblique view x-ray
