Hip Conditions

Question 1

what usually causes a hip dislocation

Answer 1

RTA or contact sports with the hip flexed

Question 2

most common direction of hip dislocation

Answer 2

posterior

Question 3

associated fractures with a hip dislocation

Answer 3

posterior acetabular wall, femoral fracture

Question 4

clinical presentation of a hip dislocation

Answer 4

flexed, internally rotated and adducted knee

Question 5

management of hip dislocation

Answer 5

urgent reduction and stabilisation

Question 6

complications of a hip dislocation

Answer 6

sciatic nerve palsy
AVN femoral head
secondary OA of the hip

Question 7

what is the typical mechanism of injury of a hip fracture

Answer 7

low impact fall in the elderly

Question 8

what is hip fracture often associated with

Answer 8

osteoporosis

Question 9

risk factors of hip fractures

Answer 9

osteoporosis
smoking, excess alcohol
malnutrition
low BMI

Question 10

how are hip fractures classified

Answer 10

intracapsular or extracapsular

Question 11

where do intracapsular hip fractures occur

Answer 11

proximal to the intertrochanteric line

Question 12

how do we divide intracapsular hip fractures

Answer 12

subcapital or transcervical

Question 13

what are intracapsular hip fractures prone to

Answer 13

femoral head AVN, non-union

Question 14

how do we classify intracapsular fractures

Answer 14

garden classification

Question 15

where do extracapsular hip fractures occur

Answer 15

distal to the intertrochanteric line

Question 16

how can we divide extracapsular hip fractures

Answer 16

basicervical
intertrochanteric
reverse oblique
subtrochanteric

Question 17

symptoms of a hip fracture

Answer 17

hip/groin pain
unable to weight bear
+/- swelling

Question 18

clinical sign of a hip fracture

Answer 18

lower limb on affected side may be shortened and externally rotated

Question 19

main investigation for a hip fracture

Answer 19

x-ray pelvis and lateral hip

Question 20

sign on x-ray of a broken hip

Answer 20

loss of contour of shenton’s line

Question 21

analgesia used in hip fractures

Answer 21

local nerve blocks

Question 22

management of an intracapsular hip fracture

Answer 22

hemiarthroplasty

Question 23

management of a subtrochanteric fracture

Answer 23

IM nail

Question 24

management of intertrochanteric hip fractures

Answer 24

DHS screw

Question 25

pathophysiology of idiopathic transient osteonecrosis of the hip

Answer 25

local hyperaemia and impaired venous return with marrow oedema and increased intramedullary pressure

Question 26

which 2 groups may present with idiopathic transient osteonecrosis of the hip

Answer 26

middle age men, pregnant women in third trimester

Question 27

clinical presentation of idiopathic transient osteonecrosis of the hip

Answer 27

• Progressive groin pain over several weeks
• Difficulty weight bearing
• Usually unilateral

Question 28

gold standard investigation of idiopathic transient osteonecrosis of the hip

Answer 28

MRI

Question 29

bloods in idiopathic transient osteonecrosis of the hip

Answer 29

elevated inflammatory markers

Question 30

management of idiopathic transient osteonecrosis of the hip

Answer 30

usually resolves in 6-9 months
analgesia + crutches

Question 31

what is trochanteric bursitis

Answer 31

inflammation of a bursa over the greater trochanter on the outer hip

Question 32

who usually presents with trochanteric bursitis

Answer 32

young female runners

Question 33

what may trochanteric bursitis be linked to

Answer 33

gluteal cuff syndrome

Question 34

main symptom of trochanteric bursitis

Answer 34

pain on the lateral aspect of the hip

Question 35

clinical signs of trochanteric bursitis

Answer 35

• Pain on palpation of the greater trochanter
• Pain on restricted abduction

Question 36

what is used to diagnose trochanteric bursitis

Answer 36

clinical diagnosis

Question 37

management of trochanteric bursitis

Answer 37

NSAIDs, physio, steroid injection