Hip Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

what usually causes a hip dislocation

A

RTA or contact sports with the hip flexed

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2
Q

most common direction of hip dislocation

A

posterior

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3
Q

associated fractures with a hip dislocation

A

posterior acetabular wall, femoral fracture

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4
Q

clinical presentation of a hip dislocation

A

flexed, internally rotated and adducted knee

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5
Q

management of hip dislocation

A

urgent reduction and stabilisation

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6
Q

complications of a hip dislocation

A

sciatic nerve palsy
AVN femoral head
secondary OA of the hip

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7
Q

what is the typical mechanism of injury of a hip fracture

A

low impact fall in the elderly

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8
Q

what is hip fracture often associated with

A

osteoporosis

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9
Q

risk factors of hip fractures

A

osteoporosis
smoking, excess alcohol
malnutrition
low BMI

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10
Q

how are hip fractures classified

A

intracapsular or extracapsular

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11
Q

where do intracapsular hip fractures occur

A

proximal to the intertrochanteric line

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12
Q

how do we divide intracapsular hip fractures

A

subcapital or transcervical

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13
Q

what are intracapsular hip fractures prone to

A

femoral head AVN, non-union

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14
Q

how do we classify intracapsular fractures

A

garden classification

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15
Q

where do extracapsular hip fractures occur

A

distal to the intertrochanteric line

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16
Q

how can we divide extracapsular hip fractures

A

basicervical
intertrochanteric
reverse oblique
subtrochanteric

17
Q

symptoms of a hip fracture

A

hip/groin pain
unable to weight bear
+/- swelling

18
Q

clinical sign of a hip fracture

A

lower limb on affected side may be shortened and externally rotated

19
Q

main investigation for a hip fracture

A

x-ray pelvis and lateral hip

20
Q

sign on x-ray of a broken hip

A

loss of contour of shenton’s line

21
Q

analgesia used in hip fractures

A

local nerve blocks

22
Q

management of an intracapsular hip fracture

A

hemiarthroplasty

23
Q

management of a subtrochanteric fracture

24
Q

management of intertrochanteric hip fractures

25
pathophysiology of idiopathic transient osteonecrosis of the hip
local hyperaemia and impaired venous return with marrow oedema and increased intramedullary pressure
26
which 2 groups may present with idiopathic transient osteonecrosis of the hip
middle age men, pregnant women in third trimester
27
clinical presentation of idiopathic transient osteonecrosis of the hip
- Progressive groin pain over several weeks - Difficulty weight bearing - Usually unilateral
28
gold standard investigation of idiopathic transient osteonecrosis of the hip
MRI
29
bloods in idiopathic transient osteonecrosis of the hip
elevated inflammatory markers
30
management of idiopathic transient osteonecrosis of the hip
usually resolves in 6-9 months analgesia + crutches
31
what is trochanteric bursitis
inflammation of a bursa over the greater trochanter on the outer hip
32
who usually presents with trochanteric bursitis
young female runners
33
what may trochanteric bursitis be linked to
gluteal cuff syndrome
34
main symptom of trochanteric bursitis
pain on the lateral aspect of the hip
35
clinical signs of trochanteric bursitis
- Pain on palpation of the greater trochanter - Pain on restricted abduction
36
what is used to diagnose trochanteric bursitis
clinical diagnosis
37
management of trochanteric bursitis
NSAIDs, physio, steroid injection