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CVR Biweekly 1 > Vascular Structure and Contraction > Flashcards

Vascular Structure and Contraction Flashcards

1
Q

lymphatics collect and feed into which side of body

A

venous side

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2
Q

what is shared by other parallel circulations (organs); share and work together

A

cardiac output

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3
Q

organ exception that doesn’t share cardiac output but has 100% of it

A

lungs (oxygenate blood before it can go to rest of body)

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4
Q

layer of vessel that has endothelial cells and basement membrane

A

tunica intima

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5
Q

layer of vessel that has smooth muscle and ECM

A

tunica media

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6
Q

layer of vessel that has loose CT, vasovasorum, and NERVES

A

tunica externa (Adventitia)

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7
Q

2 main differences of venous structure compared to arterial

A

veins have valves in tunica intima
thinner smooth muscle in tunica media

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8
Q

single layer of cells that lines the entire circulation

A

endothelial cells

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9
Q

part of systemic circulation where exchange of solutes and fluids occurs; has single layer of endothelial cells

A

capillaries

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10
Q

has major vascular compliance and determines how much preload heart gets

A

veins

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11
Q

main source of vascular resistance; controls bp and flow

A

arterioles

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12
Q

controls net blood flow coming to capillaries

A

arterioles

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13
Q

controls surface area of flow and distribution (see how many capillaries get perfused)

A

Precapillary sphincters

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14
Q

bulging of vascular wall; most common in aorta

A

aneurysm

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15
Q

a rip in the aorta that creates false lumen b/t layers; causes severe tearing pain in the back

A

aortic dissection

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16
Q

thickening of arterial walls; happens naturally w/ age

A

arteriosclerosis

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17
Q

form of arteriosclerosis where fatty plaques deposit along intima and media of arteries (can rupture and form clot and lead to HA)

A

atherosclerosis

18
Q

how can you diagnose atherosclerosis

19
Q

lines GI, reproductive tract, airways and blood vessels

A

smooth muscle

20
Q

how is smooth m. arranged

A

helical arrangement

21
Q

contains dense bodies, intermediate filaments, calveolae, and has no sarcomeres, but has basic sliding filament and SR

A

vascular smooth muscle cell

22
Q

contraction of arteries causes what

A

vasoconstriction

23
Q

increases resistance and affects bp and blood flow

A

vasoconstriction

24
Q

contraction of veins decreases what

A

compliance

25
Q

affects preload of heart (recruit blood to the heart)

A

contraction of veins

26
Q

vascular smooth muscle cell just used for contraction

A

contractile

27
Q

vascular smooth muscle cell used for proliferation and migration

28
Q

exhibits unitary tonic contraction (can hold tone for a long time and Ca2+ level maintained for a long time)

A

vascular smooth muscle

29
Q

depends on both vasoconstriction and vasodilation

A

vascular tone

30
Q

steps for calcium dependent contraction of vascular smooth m.

A
  1. Ca2+ binds calmodulin and then activates MLCK
  2. MLCK phosphorylates myosin light chain
  3. actin binds myosin and cross-bridge cycling
  4. MLCP dephosphorylates myosin
31
Q

smooth muscle can maintain attached cross-bridges for some time even after myosin dephosphorylation (less ATP needed) why?

A

slow dissociation of attached actin and myosin

32
Q

2 ways in which Ca2+ is released through L-type Ca2+ channels for vascular smooth muscle contraction

A
  1. ligand-gated ion channels
  2. stretch
    (both have influx of cations that causes depolarization and Ca2+ influx)
33
Q

steps of Gq-protein coupled receptor mechanism of vascular smooth m. contraction

A
  1. ligand binds GPCR (Gq)
  2. PLC into DAG (causes Ca2+ influx) + IP3 (causes Ca2+ to leave SR)
  3. PKC inhibits MLCP (more time for contraction)
34
Q

increasing Ca2+ concentration AND increasing Ca2+ sensitivity causes what

A

contraction

35
Q

K+ channel steps to vascular smooth m. mechanism of relaxation

A
  1. increase K+ efflux causes negative membrane potential
  2. favors relaxation and vasodilation
36
Q

Gs-protein coupled receptor steps to vascular smooth m. relaxation

A
  1. ligand binds GPCR (Gs) and activates Adenylyl Cyclase
  2. increase in cAMP favors relaxation (differs in vascular smooth m. compared to heart m. where it would increase contraction)
  3. PDE degrades cAMP
37
Q

activation of Gi-protein coupled receptors on smooth muscle promotes what

A

contraction

38
Q

Receptor Guanylyl Cyclase steps of vascular smooth muscle relaxation

A
  1. ANP binds Guanylyl Cyclase and turns GTP to cGMP
  2. cGMP activates MLCP and speeds up relaxation
39
Q

Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase steps of vascular smooth muscle relaxation

A
  1. Nitric Oxide (NO) goes straight through membrane and is a natural vasodilator
40
Q

what is a main factor in homeostasis of blood vessels (shear stress profile); healthy level of ____=healthy vasculature

CVR Biweekly 1 (19 decks)

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