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CVR Biweekly 1 > Taylor- CV response to exercise > Flashcards

Taylor- CV response to exercise Flashcards

1
Q

Locomotion/exercise exerts a global stress on the cardiovascular system by rapidly increasing _____

A

metabolic demand (O2 demand to skeletal m.)

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2
Q

what increases up to 5 times with exercise compared to resting level

A

cardiac output (CO)

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3
Q

___% of cardiac output may go to active muscle during exercise

A

> 80%

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4
Q

what 4 things happen in response to exercise

A
  1. anticipation (fight or flight)
  2. vasodilation
  3. baroreceptor reflex
  4. muscle pump
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5
Q

Immediately before activity begins, a “fight or flight” response is initiated – very brief spike in sympathetic outflow

A

anticipation

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6
Q

what overcomes sympathetic vasoconstriction during exercise

A

active hyperemia

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7
Q

what reduces SVR in active muscle

A

vasodilation

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8
Q

during exercise, there is a large-scale skeletal m. vasodilation and drop in SVR which reduces arterial pressure, how do baroreceptors respond and why

A

HR and contractility increase as does vasoconstriction—>to maintain bp (MAP)

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9
Q

what increases allowing for modest but sustained increase in arterial pressure during exercise

A

the “set point”

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10
Q

dynamic contraction of skeletal m. that enhances blood and lymph flow

A

muscle pump

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11
Q

dynamic contraction of skeletal m. that enhances venous return to heart

A

muscle pump

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12
Q

what needs to keep up with extra blood flow to the tissues

A

lymph flow

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13
Q

additional feature of exercise that is released and causes vasodilation enhanced blood and lymph flow

A

histamine

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14
Q

neurotransmitters released from adrenal medulla during exercise

A

Epi and NE

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15
Q

Stretch and chemical receptors in active muscle signal to medulla - potentiate sympathetic drive

A

muscle reflexes

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16
Q

Initially, skin vasculature constricted by ____

A

sympathetic outflow

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17
Q

With sustained or intense activity, heat stress and high sympathetic outflow increase _____ to sweat glands

A

sympathetic cholinergic outflow

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18
Q

effects of sympathetic cholinergic outflow

A

sweat and vasodilation

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19
Q

this increases w/ exercise allowing gas exchange to meet the O2 demand

A

ventilation

20
Q

when you cross threshold from moderate to intense exercise, what happens

A
  1. blood pH decreases do to increase in lactate
  2. ventilation rate increases
21
Q

______ slows O2 diffusion from alveoli to arterial circulation; seriously limits O2 loading of Hb during exercise

A

lung disease

22
Q

major effect of exercise

A

CO (cardiac output) goes up and stays up

23
Q

what decreases when exercise begins allowing for O2 delivery to muscles

A

vascular resistance

24
Q

overall process of sustaining high level of sympathetic outflow and maintaining bp to perfuse organs

A

exercise

25
Q

what actually causes CO to increase:

A
  1. increase in heart contractility
  2. increase venous tone (vasoconctriction)
  3. decrease arterial tone (vasodilation)
26
Q

VO2

A

O2 consumption

27
Q

key indicator of exercise performance

A

VO2

28
Q

VO2=

A

CO (arterial O2-venous O2)

29
Q

cardiac output where majorly increases with exercise

A

skeletal muscle

30
Q

Main thing that drives sympathetic outflow for entire duration of exercise

A

decreased systemic vascular resistance

31
Q

quick source of ATP for muscle that is depleted quickly

A

PCr (phosphocreatine)

32
Q

uses glycolysis; lactate formed; limited ATP

A

anaerobic exercise

33
Q

uses oxidative metabolism and a lot of ATP

A

aerobic exercise

34
Q

used for prolonged exercise or very light exercise

A

FA’s

35
Q

effects of exercise training

A

SV increases
resting HR lower
maximal CO increases

36
Q

hormone produced by kidneys that increases production of RBC’s

A

EPO (erythropoietin)

37
Q

used to treat anemia in people w/ severe renal disease

A

EPO

38
Q

used for doping in endurance athletes to increase O2 carrying capacity during exercise

A

EPO

39
Q

what can unmask coronary artery disease

A

exercise

40
Q

arterioles already maximally dilated, so they steal flow from other arterioles and become ischemic during exercise

A

vascular “steal” phenomenon

41
Q

to test for heart disease

A

stress test

42
Q

patient’s on treadmill or stationary bike and have what monitored

A

ECG and BP

43
Q

candidates for stress test

A

known/suspected CAD
heart failure, etc.

44
Q

stress test measures this; compares metabolic rate during activity to rest

A

METs

45
Q

3 additional stress tests

A
  1. echocardiogram
  2. nuclear stress test
  3. drugs
46
Q

pathology indicated if something abnormal is found during stress test

A

positive stress test

47
Q

strongest predictor of mortality from stress test

A

very low exercise capacity (<5 METs)

CVR Biweekly 1 (19 decks)

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