Cardiac Cycle Flashcards
5 main steps of cardiac cycle:
- diastole
- atrial systole
- isovolumetric contraction
- Ejection
- isovolumetric relaxation
the 2 sounds of the heart happen when
S1- AV valves close (isovolumetric contraction)
S2- semilunar valves close (isovolumetric relaxation)
pressure greatest on which side of heart
L side (5x greater than R)
most of the blood is released during what phase of ejection
rapid
2nd part of ejection phase
reduced
what percent of contents get released from ventricles
50%
blood pressure is specifically what
aortic (arterial) pressure
difference b/t systolic and diastolic
pulse pressure
atrial pressure is aka
venous pressure
how much blood is pumped out w/ 1 heart beat
stroke volume
L ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV) - L ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV)
stroke volume
how much blood is ejected in 1 minute
cardiac output
stroke volume x heart rate
cardiac output
which side of heart does more work
L side (5x more pressure so 5x more work)
3 main things heard with S1 sound
- vibration of ventricles w/ AV valve closure
- opening of semilunar valves
- blood rushing out of ventricles
systolic ejection period=
b/t S1 and S2
what happens when aortic valve closes before pulmonic valve
S2 splitting
this is due to slower filling of R ventricle during inspiration (normal)
physiologic splitting
pulmonic valve closes late during expiration and even later during inspiration (abnormal)
widened splitting
causes of abnormal splitting
valve stenosis and bundle branch block
happens when aortic valve closes late and splitting is present during expiration, NOT inspiration (abnormal)
paradoxical splitting
S2 splitting constant regardless of expiration and inspiration
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
these sound like gallops, one before S1 and one after S2
S4 (before S1)
S3 (after S2)
a new sound from heart region
murmur
cause of this is usually turbulent flow
murmur
murmur that happens from this when valve doesn’t properly open
stenosis
murmur happens from this when valve doesn’t properly close
regurgitation
sound caused by turbulent flow in blood vessels
bruit
cardiovascular vibration so intense it’s palpable
thrill
harsh systolic murmur; loud and continuous (starts at “lub”)
aortic stenosis
aortic stenosis
diastolic murmur; loud waning sound (only heard at “dup”)
aortic regurgitation
murmur throughout systole (lub) due to
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
continuous murmur over FULL cardiac cycle; machine-like; (I couldn’t hear heart beat b/c of this)
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
