Cardiac Cycle

Question 1

5 main steps of cardiac cycle:

Answer 1

1. diastole
2. atrial systole
3. isovolumetric contraction
4. Ejection
5. isovolumetric relaxation

Question 2

the 2 sounds of the heart happen when

Answer 2

S1- AV valves close (isovolumetric contraction)

S2- semilunar valves close (isovolumetric relaxation)

Question 3

pressure greatest on which side of heart

Answer 3

L side (5x greater than R)

Question 4

most of the blood is released during what phase of ejection

Answer 4

rapid

Question 5

2nd part of ejection phase

Answer 5

reduced

Question 6

what percent of contents get released from ventricles

Answer 6

50%

Question 7

blood pressure is specifically what

Answer 7

aortic (arterial) pressure

Question 8

difference b/t systolic and diastolic

Answer 8

pulse pressure

Question 9

atrial pressure is aka

Answer 9

venous pressure

Question 10

how much blood is pumped out w/ 1 heart beat

Answer 10

stroke volume

Question 11

L ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV) - L ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV)

Answer 11

stroke volume

Question 12

how much blood is ejected in 1 minute

Answer 12

cardiac output

Question 13

stroke volume x heart rate

Answer 13

cardiac output

Question 14

which side of heart does more work

Answer 14

L side (5x more pressure so 5x more work)

Question 15

3 main things heard with S1 sound

Answer 15

1. vibration of ventricles w/ AV valve closure
2. opening of semilunar valves
3. blood rushing out of ventricles

Question 16

systolic ejection period=

Answer 16

b/t S1 and S2

Question 17

what happens when aortic valve closes before pulmonic valve

Answer 17

S2 splitting

Question 18

this is due to slower filling of R ventricle during inspiration (normal)

Answer 18

physiologic splitting

Question 19

pulmonic valve closes late during expiration and even later during inspiration (abnormal)

Answer 19

widened splitting

Question 20

causes of abnormal splitting

Answer 20

valve stenosis and bundle branch block

Question 21

happens when aortic valve closes late and splitting is present during expiration, NOT inspiration (abnormal)

Answer 21

paradoxical splitting

Question 22

S2 splitting constant regardless of expiration and inspiration

Answer 22

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

Question 23

these sound like gallops, one before S1 and one after S2

Answer 23

S4 (before S1)

S3 (after S2)

Question 24

a new sound from heart region

Answer 24

murmur

Question 25

cause of this is usually turbulent flow

Answer 25

murmur

Question 26

murmur that happens from this when valve doesn’t properly open

Answer 26

stenosis

Question 27

murmur happens from this when valve doesn’t properly close

Answer 27

regurgitation

Question 28

sound caused by turbulent flow in blood vessels

Answer 28

bruit

Question 29

cardiovascular vibration so intense it’s palpable

Answer 29

thrill

Question 30

harsh systolic murmur; loud and continuous (starts at “lub”)

Answer 30

aortic stenosis

Question 31

Answer 31

aortic stenosis

Question 32

diastolic murmur; loud waning sound (only heard at “dup”)

Answer 32

aortic regurgitation

Question 33

murmur throughout systole (lub) due to

Answer 33

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Question 34

continuous murmur over FULL cardiac cycle; machine-like; (I couldn’t hear heart beat b/c of this)

Answer 34

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)