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CVR Biweekly 1 > Al-Mehdi CV-ANS Pharm > Flashcards

Al-Mehdi CV-ANS Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

baroreceptor control via carotid sinus and aortic arch respond to what

A

stretch

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2
Q

carotid _____ senses stretch

A

sinus

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3
Q

carotid ____ senses oxygen

A

body

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4
Q

nucleus in brain that is collector of all visceral input

A

NTS

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5
Q

nucleus in brain that provides only motor supply of the heart

A

Nucleus Ambiguus

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6
Q

the carotid sinus branch of what nerve goes to NTS then nucleus ambiguus to provide action of heart in response to increased or decreased stretch

A

carotid sinus branch of CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

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7
Q

nerve that is primary sensor for oxygen in carotid body

A

vagus n.

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8
Q

for baroreceptor of carotid sinus, when do the afferents fire

A

when MAP goes up OR down

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9
Q

for baroreceptor of aortic arch, when do afferents fire

A

only when MAP goes up

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10
Q

normal tension where there is no firing from carotid sinus or aortic arch

A

MAP of 85

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11
Q

what happens when MAP drops from 85 to 60 (hypotension)

A

firing at carotid sinus to NTS then CVLM, RVLM, to IML and send NE to B1(Gs) on SA, AV, and myocardium

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12
Q

what happens when MAP increases from 85 to 120

A

firing at both carotid sinus and aortic arch to NTS, signal relayed to Nucleus Ambiguus to vagus to slow down HR (mainly has Ach binding to M2 (Gi) on SA node)

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13
Q

main receptor and activity of NE

A

a1 (constriction/contraction)

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14
Q

activates all receptors equally

A

Epi

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15
Q

products of adrenal medulla

A

Epi and NE

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16
Q

NE when bound to a2 (Gi) on presynaptic side

A

inhibitory effects

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17
Q

Clonidine
alpha-methyldopa
tizanidine

A

agonists that bind a2 and inhibit NE activity

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18
Q

NE when bound to a1 (Gq) on postsynaptic side

A

activation (contraction)

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19
Q

NE when bound to B1 (Gs) on postsynaptic side

A

activation (contraction)

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20
Q

is body more worried about lower bp or higher bp

A

lower bp (hypotension)

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21
Q

coronary, carotid, skeletal, and hepatic vascular beds have too much _____ receptors (so will usually dilate)

A

B2

22
Q

these cells make renin that increases aldosterone and ultimately causes increase Na+ and increase in blood volume

A

juxtaglomerular cells

23
Q

PDE inhibitor that allows for increase in contractility

A

MILRINONE

24
Q

drug that decreases venous tone and reduces preload of heart

A

morphine

25
Q

used to decrease blood volume by eliminating water

A

diuretics

26
Q

part of heart highly responsive to emotional states

A

SA node

27
Q

only innervation to blood vessels

A

sympathetic

28
Q

rich in beta2 (dilation)

A

coronary arterioles

29
Q

contain a1 receptors; can precipitate MI

A

coronary arteries

30
Q

2 main drugs used to treat orthostatic hypotension

A

MIDODRINE (a1 agonist)
DROXIDOPA (precursor of NE)

31
Q

this is seen when putting on a tie; carotid sinus sends signal to brain saying high bp and then body lowers bp and person faints

A

carotid sinus syndrome

32
Q

B1 stimulation effect on SA, AV, and myocardium:

A

SA: + Chronotropy (rate)
AV: + Dromotropy (conduction speed)
myocardium: + inotropy (contractility)

33
Q

SA node M2 stimulation

A
  • chronotropy (decrease rate)
34
Q

alpha (a1 and a2) receptors are activated more by what

A

NE

35
Q

NE stimulation can inhibit what

A

Ach from being released when NE binds a2 on same neuron and neighbor

36
Q

Ach stimulation can inhibit what

A

NE being released when Ach binds M2 on same neuron and neighbor

37
Q

neuropeptide Y (NPY) can inhibit what neurotransmitter release

A

Ach

38
Q

released from cholinergic terminal and causes vasodilation

A

VIP

39
Q

long acting form of VIP for HTN

A

VASOMERA

40
Q

these specific neurons modulate parasympathetic ganglion cells

A

NANC

41
Q

released from NANC neurons

A

substance P and CGRP

42
Q

2 main effects of parasympathetic system on heart

A

rate and rhythm (- chronotropy and - dromotropy)

43
Q

____ node propagation depends on Ca2+ current

A

AV node

44
Q

drug that is used to treat bradycardia; competitive antagonist at M2 receptor

A

Atropine

45
Q

Why does calcium after contraction need to be picked up back into SR?

A

in order to depolarize again, muscle MUST repolarize and relax for next contraction to occur

46
Q

vascular smooth muscle relaxation by B2 (Gs)

A

increase cAMP, increase PKA, causes MLCK phosphorylation, decrease Ca2+/calmodulin, relaxation

47
Q

one of the most important drugs used to restore heart beat after cardiac arrest

A

Epinephrine

48
Q

limit ___ agonists to treat shock due to decreasing energy efficiency

A

B1

49
Q

with_____ sympathetic activation will increase O2 demand (but will end up with O2 supply/demand mismatch)—>shock

A

MI

50
Q

what ultimately results in referred pain for cardiac pain

A

convergence of interneuron (crossover)

51
Q

oxygen sensors

A

carotid and aortic bodies

52
Q

receptors responsible for sensing dyspnea (lack of O2)

A

J receptors (juxta-capillary)

CVR Biweekly 1 (19 decks)

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