Basics of ECG Flashcards
to find the rate
count off method (300, 150, 100, 75, 60, 50) R to R wave
normal paper speed of ECG
25 mm/sec
full standard normal calibration
10 boxes tall and 5 wide
rate < 60 bpm
bradycardia
rate > 100 bpm
tachycardia
normal sinus rhythym
p wave followed by QRS; p wave upright in leads I, II, III
normal PR interval
3-5 small boxes (in one big box)
normal QRS interval
< or = to 2.5 small boxes
normal QT interval
around 10 small boxes (half the RR interval)
to check axis
look at leads I and II; QRS upward in both–normal
if up in lead I, and isoelectric in lead II, where to check for axis deviation
aVF
thumbs up rule for axis deviation
up in lead I (left thumbs up) and up in aVF (right thumbs up)—–normal axis deviation (and if only L thumbs up then L axis deviation)
increased PR interval
1st degree heart block
diagnostic of Rheumatic Fever
long PR interval
preexcitation syndrome and junctional rhythym
decreased PR interval
increased QRS interval
bundle branch blocks
tall R and deep S for QRS interval
RBBB
wide QRS interval and deep Q
LBBB
normal QT interval
around 10 boxes; T wave ends < halfway between RR intervals
left ventricular hypertrophy to what axis deviation
L axis
right ventricular hypertrophy to what axis deviation
R axis
to check for R ventricular hypertrophy
leads V1 and V2; R wave>S wave in V1
to check for L ventricular hypertrophy
leads V5 and V6; S wave>R wave in V1
huge R in V6
to check for abnormal p wave
lead II and lead V1 (L and R atrial enlargement)
p wave enlargement >2.5
R atrial enlargement
biphasic p wave
L atrial enlargement (signal had to go back elsewhere in L atrium b/c too big)
abnormal Q wave
greater than 1 small box; myocardial infarction (STEMI)
caused by septal depolarization
Q wave
deep “juicy Q” wave
left ventricular hypertrophy
normal T wave
less than half way between RR
T wave should be upright in all leads except
aVR
T wave can be isoelectric in what lead
aVL
T wave inverted inferolaterally
sick myocardium (run screaming from room)
depression of ST segment and inverted T wave
myocardial ischemia
ST segment elevation
myocardial infarction
scooped ST segment
patient on Digoxin
tall peaked T wave
hyperkalemia
flattened p wave and widened QRS
severe hyperkalemia
ST depression, flattened T
hypokalemia
shortened QT interval
hypercalcemia
prolonged QT interval
hypocalcemia
normal calibration of ecg
10 mm for vertical box inscription (1 mV)
abnormal QRS wave
L or R ventricular hypertrophy
bundle branch blocks
ST elevation of all leads indicates
pericarditis
2 humps between every QRS wave
normal; p and t waves
