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CVR Biweekly 1 > Taylor- Hb, O2, CO2 Transport > Flashcards

Taylor- Hb, O2, CO2 Transport Flashcards

1
Q

Discoloration of skin due to impaired O2 loading in the blood i.e. high deoxygenated Hb

A

cyanosis

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2
Q

Paleness in skin due to impaired blood perfusion i.e. low delivery of oxyHb (HbO2)

A

Pallor

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3
Q

2 main ways O2 is transported in the blood

A
  1. dissolved in plasma
  2. bound to Hb
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4
Q

main way O2 is transported

A

bound to Hb

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5
Q

P50=

A

PO2 at which Hb saturated w/ O2 is 50%

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6
Q

total O2 content in blood

A

Hb bound + dissolved

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7
Q

arterial or venous blood has higher O2 content

A

arterial

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8
Q

what drives O2 extraction in tissues

A

PO2 gradient

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9
Q

degree of O2 extraction depends on what

A

O2 demand of the organ (metabolic activity of tissue)

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10
Q

what 4 things cause Hb binding curve to shift down and to the right (O2 unloading)

A

increase H+ (low pH)
increase in PCO2
increase temp.
increase 2,3-BPG

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11
Q

what 4 things will cause Hb binding curve to shift up and to the left

A

decrease H+ (high pH)
decrease PCO2
decrease temp.
decrease 2,3-BPG

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12
Q

higher metabolic activity causes Hb binding curve to shift where

A

down and to the right

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13
Q

3 main ways CO2 is transported in the blood

A
  1. dissolved
  2. converted into H+ or HCO3-
  3. bound to Hb
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14
Q

main way CO2 is transported in the blood

A

as HCO3-

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15
Q

deoxygenated Hb can carry more CO2 than O2

A

Haldane Effect

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16
Q

in an environment where there is less O2 what happens

A

more CO2 is able to bind Hb

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17
Q

adult Hb

A

HbA (a2B2 subunits)

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18
Q

fetal Hb

A

HbF (a subunits)

19
Q

when does HbF completely switch to HbA

A

by 6 months after birth

20
Q

Hb binding curve for HbF

A

up and to the left of HbA

21
Q

____ has higher O2 affinity than HbA

A

HbF

22
Q

what promotes O2 release in fetal tissues

A

acidosis and metabolic activity

23
Q

2 ways O2 transport is messed up

A

hypoxemia and impaired binding to Hb

24
Q

low level of O2 in the blood

A

hypoxemia

25
Q

unbound Hb by O2 is observable as

A

cyanosis

26
Q

production of _____ increases where O2 availability is low

A

2,3-BPG

27
Q

hypoxemia, anemia, heart failure are examples of what

A

where O2 availability is low

28
Q

this is due to lower levels of Hb available therefore lower CaO2

A

anemia

29
Q

this is due to higher levels of Hb available therefore higher CaO2

A

polycythemia

30
Q

these 2 things affect CaO2, but NOT SaO2 (% saturation)

A

anemia and polycythemia

31
Q

most heme contains what kind of iron

A

Fe2+

32
Q

what happens when Fe2+ is oxidized to Fe3+

A

metHb forms that cannot bind to O2

33
Q

will see cyanosis, normal PaO2, LOW SaO2

A

methemoglobinemia

34
Q

to treat methemoglobinemia

A

methylene blue (reduces ferric iron Fe3+)

35
Q

Hb has 200x higher affinity for ___ than O2

A

CO (carbon monoxide)

36
Q

HbO2 binding curve shifts where when CO present

A

down and to the left

37
Q

what causes CO poisoning

A

CO exposure

38
Q

to treat CO poisoning

A

100% O2

39
Q

this will have peripheral cyanosis, normal PaO2, LOW SaO2

A

CO poisoning

40
Q

oxygen delivery (DO2)=

A

CO (cardiac output) x CaO2

41
Q

In which individual would you predict low PaO2?

A

neither

42
Q

In which individual is O2 delivery likely limited by local vasoconstriction?

A

B

43
Q

In an anemic patient, which of the following would you expect to be low?

A

O2 content

44
Q

In which of the following scenarios would you expect diminished arterial O2 content and cyanosis, but normal PaO2?

A

carbon monoxide poisoning

CVR Biweekly 1 (19 decks)

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