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CVR Biweekly 1 > Hemodynamics > Flashcards

Hemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

most of the blood in our body is where

A

venous side

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2
Q

vascular resistance is greatest at what level

A

arteriole level

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3
Q

arteries vs. veins (which one is more compliant/distensible?)

A

veins

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4
Q

distribute blood flow, control bp, exchange solutes/fluids

A

blood vessels

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5
Q

collect fluid and proteins in interstitial spaces and return to circulation

A

lymphatics

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6
Q

why is it important to maintain bp

A

so blood can perfuse and supply organs

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7
Q

force exerted by the blood against the vessel wall

A

pressure

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8
Q

diastolic - systolic pressure

A

pulse pressure

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9
Q

refers to mean arterial pressure (MAP); dictates perfusion of the systemic organs

A

blood pressure

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10
Q

CO x SVR=

A

blood pressure

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11
Q

MAP=

A

DP + 1/3 PP
OR
(add twice the DP to the SP)/3

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12
Q

normal MAP

A

85 mmHg

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13
Q

increased arterial rigidity increases with what

A

age

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14
Q

as we age, natural arterial sclerosis occurs and vessels become stiffer and less compliant causing and increase in what

A

BP
PP
SP

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15
Q

when a person stands up, all the blood rushes to feet but what is maintained

A

perfusion gradient (organs are still getting their needed blood)

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16
Q

total amount of fluid moving past a point over time

A

flow

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17
Q

speed of fluid

A

velocity

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18
Q

what happens when there is an increase in cross sectional area at site of capillaries

A

speed and pressure of blood slows down and resistance increases

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19
Q

parabolic velocity profile of blood; blood travels fastest in the center (axial streaming)

A

laminar flow

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20
Q

the drag between individual layers; increases with increasing amount of RBC’s

A

viscosity

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21
Q

this is important for maintaining vascular homeostasis; makes it less likely for blood cells to stick to the vessel wall

A

shear stress profile

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22
Q

where velocity increases, pressure falls

A

Bernoulli effect

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23
Q

non-invasive way to measure blood flow and detect reduced perfusion; probe on skin detects sound wave from blood vessels

A

Doppler US

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24
Q

invasive way of measuring blood flow that is used in surgery; 2 electrodes placed on vessel; measures emf of charged particles in blood

A

electromagnetic flowmeter

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25
Q

2 main determinants of vascular resistance

A

vascular diameter
blood viscosity

26
Q

important in controlling blood flow to organ beds and bp

A

vascular resistance

27
Q

how to calculate blood flow

A

Ohm’s law:
flow= change in pressure/resistance

28
Q

increase viscosity= increase in

A

resistance

29
Q

increase in diameter= decrease in

A

resistance

30
Q

small changes in arterial radius cause ______ changes in resistance

A

large changes (remember r^4)

31
Q

in a series circuit, where will pressure increase and decrease when resistance is applied (water hose)

A

pressure will decrease downstream and increase upstream of added resistance

32
Q

in parallel circuits, what is the distribution of pressure

A

the parallel branches all have the same pressure

33
Q

the whole network of vascular resistors can be reduced to what

A

a single resistor

34
Q

defined as a single resistance for the whole body (total resistance of entire systemic circulation)

A

systemic vascular resistance (SVR) or total peripheral resistance (TPR)

35
Q

amount of blood pumped out of heart per minute

A

cardiac output for the heart

36
Q

= stroke volume x HR

A

CO (heart)

37
Q

defined as total blood flow of the body

A

cardiac output (circulation)

38
Q

in circulation, cardiac output=

A

MAP/SVR

mean arterial pressure/systemic vascular resistance

39
Q

increase SVR=

A

increase in arterial pressure

40
Q

constriction of 1 or few arterioles has what impact on MAP

A

little impact

41
Q

constriction of many arterioles has what impact on MAP

A

large impact

42
Q

Newtonian fluids (constant viscosity)

A

water and plasma

43
Q

viscosity variable (non-Newtonian); due to # of RBC’s

A

whole blood

44
Q

can cause sludging and reduced flow

A

low net perfusion pressure (very low bp)

45
Q

aligning of RBC’s in center of vessel can reduce what

A

viscosity

46
Q

main determinant of blood viscosity

A

hematocrit

47
Q

normal hematocrit % for males

A

45%

48
Q

normal hematocrit % for females

A

40%

49
Q

below normal hematocrit is known as

A

anemia

50
Q

why is 40-45% optimal hematocrit

A

because at the percentage, oxygen delivery is optimal

51
Q

control of vascular diameter is the primary mechanism for rapidly altering what in the body

A

resistance

52
Q

blood forced through a vessel too fast (no longer parabolic)

A

turbulent flow

53
Q

increasing velocity or decreasing viscosity can lead to what

A

turbulent flow

54
Q

determines if flow is turbulent; >2000

A

Reynold’s number

55
Q

atheroslerotic plaques or coarctation and anemia can lead to what

A

turbulent flow (bruit)

56
Q

causes rushing sounds around affected valve (murmur)

A

Valvular stenosis or insufficency

57
Q

force acting to pull or tear open the vessel wall

A

wall tension

58
Q

tension= transmural pressure x _____

A

r (radius)

59
Q

wall tension is highest where

A

aorta

60
Q

high pressure and large diameter cause increase in what

A

wall tension

CVR Biweekly 1 (19 decks)

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