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CVR Biweekly 1 > Taylor- Microcirculation > Flashcards

Taylor- Microcirculation Flashcards

1
Q

2 main things the microcirculation regulates

A

solute and fluid transport

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2
Q

regulate blood flow into tissues

A

Arterioles

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3
Q

regulate # of perfused capillaries

A

Pre-capillary sphincters

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4
Q

sites for exchange

A

capillaries and post-capillary venules

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5
Q

route of exchange through inter-endothelial cell clefts

A

paracellular

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6
Q

route of exchange through vesicular transport or directly through cell (including fenestrae)

A

Transcellular

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7
Q

route for exchange depends on 2 things

A

type of endothelium
transported substance

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8
Q

small solutes (gases, FA’s)
steroid and thyroid hormones

A

lipid soluble

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9
Q

small solutes (electrolytes, glucose)
Albumin (protein)

A

hydrophillic

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10
Q

becomes an osmotic force that pulls water into vessel when this substance is trapped inside vessel

A

Albumin

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11
Q

Transendothelial diffusion of small solutes (flux of solute); O2 leaving blood to supply tissues (specifc organ)

A

Js

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12
Q

what does the diffusion of small solutes (Js) really depend on

A

solute concentration gradient
(O2 will flow out, CO2 will flow in)

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13
Q

the smaller the diffusion distance (delta x) =

A

greater flux of solute (Js)

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14
Q

what happens if you increase concentration of solutes

A

increase their concentration gradient

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15
Q

what happens if you increase the solutes’ utilization in the tissues (increasing the area for exchange)

A

increase their concentration

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16
Q

opening what will increase the # of perfused capillaries, increasing the area for exchange

A

precapillary sphincters

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17
Q

transendothelial fluid movement

A

Jv

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18
Q

explain the picture

A

Pc - Pif is hydrostatic pressure
pi p - pi if is osmotic pressure

these two oppose each other

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19
Q

equation that describes fluid movement (net water exchange)

A

Starling equation

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20
Q

Jv is positive means what

A

filtration is happening (movement out of capillary)

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21
Q

Jv is negative means what

A

absorption (movement into capillary)

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22
Q

when Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) is positive

A

fluid is filtered into tissue

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23
Q

when Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) is negative

A

fluid is absorbed from tissue to blood

24
Q

discontinuous capillary (very leaky) seen where

A

liver bed

25
Q

continuous fenestrated capillaries seen where

A

mesenteric bed

26
Q

continuous- unfenestrated capillary seen where

A

brain

27
Q

NFP + in resting skeletal muscle

A

filtering

28
Q

NFP - in the brain

A

absorbing

29
Q

change in local arteriolar tone alters what

A

NFP

30
Q

arteriolar dilation does what to NFP (filtration pressure)

A

increases

31
Q

arteriole constriction does what to NFP (filtration pressure)

A

decreases

32
Q

net flux at capillaries (Jv) is filtering while ____ are taking up that fluid and protein

A

lymphatics

33
Q

lymphatics all come together and dump into _______ returning stuff back to venous circulation

A

subclavian veins

34
Q

when filtration exceeds lymph flow (fluid accumulates in interstitial space)

A

edema

35
Q

fluid in abdomen

A

ascites

36
Q

deals w/ both hydrostatic and osmotic gradients; too much intravascular pressure or dilution of plasma proteins (low albumin)

A

Hydrostatic edema

37
Q

increased endothelial “leak”

A

permeability edema

38
Q

limitation in lymphatic drainage

A

lymphedema

39
Q

this is common w/ R sided heart failure

A

Hydrostatic edema

40
Q

signs of this include pitting edema around feet and ankles

A

heart failure

41
Q

high systemic capillary pressure increases______

A

filtration

42
Q

high pressure where leads to fluid in abdominal cavity (ascites)

A

liver sinusoids

43
Q
A

pulmonary edema

44
Q

high pulmonary capillary pressure leads to increased ______

A

fluid filtration in the lungs (pulmonary edema)

45
Q

promotes increased filtration and edema due to osmotic pressure decrease (decreased albumin)

A

hypoproteinemia

46
Q

associated w/ myxedema

A

hypothyroidism

47
Q

overproduction of ECM proteins; proteins pull water towards them in interstitial space

A

Myxedema

48
Q
A

Myxedema

49
Q

more filtration due to disruption of microvascular barrier

A

permeability edema

50
Q

one of the main injuries causing permeability edema

A

burns

51
Q

lymphatic disruption or obstruction (at lymph flow, not capillary)

A

Lymphedema

52
Q

impacts perfusion and diffusion (compresses circulation and make exchange harder)

A

edema

53
Q

painful pressure increase in muscle after damage; if edema is bad enough to restrict blood flow, pain and ischemia

A

Compartment Syndrome

54
Q

flux of solutes (Js) increases across endothelial barrier 3 ways:

A
  1. opening of precapillary sphincters
  2. conc. gradient of solutes
  3. reduced diffusion distance
55
Q

flux of fluid across endothelial barrier into tissues increases with: (2 things)

A
  1. increased hydrostatic pressure gradient (capillary pressure)
  2. decreased osmotic pressure gradient (albumin)

CVR Biweekly 1 (19 decks)

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