Vascular Embryology Flashcards
3rd aortic arch gives rise to
carotids
4th aortic arch gives rise to
subclavian
6th aortic arch gives rise to
pulmonary arteries and PDA
if components of the aortic arch don’t regress properly, what happens
vascular rings
(double aortic arch)
encircles trachea and esophagus and patient can’t breath well or eat meat
Vascular Ring (double aortic arch)
double aortic arch is commonly seen in what syndrome
DiGeorge
truncus arteriosus defects, double aortic arch, and interrupted aortic arch are common cardiac malformations seen in what syndrome
DiGeorge
patient w/ Turner Syndrome has high bp in R arm, check L arm and also see disseminated pulses in extremities=
coarctation of aorta (tight spot in aorta)
hypoplastic left heart cause
flap of foramen ovale not working properly, so blood is not flowing to L atrium
main cells that contribute to coronary artery development
epicardial-derived endothelial cells
what helps tell the coronary arteries where they need to go (find their place on heart)
molecular signals
coronary arteries usually join aorta, what happens if left coronary artery joins the left pulmonary artery? (ALCAPA)
pulmonary vasculature resistance drops and you get no blood flow through L coronary artery —–> heart failure and death
what happens when anomalous left coronary artery comes from R sinus of Valsalva
gets squished b/t great arteries and can lead to sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)
the systemic venous pairs in the fetus all drain to what
sinus venosus (coronary sinus)
set of paired veins in fetus that delivers oxygenated blood from mother to fetus
Umbilical veins
set of paired veins in fetus that drains GI tract
Vitelline veins
set of paired veins in fetus that drains the head, the neck, and extremities
Cardinal veins
anterior cardinal vein deals with what area of body
head, neck, arms
posterior cardinal vein deals with what area of body
below heart (lower extremities, azygos)
vitelline vein that remains and becomes hepatic segment of IVC
R vitelline vein
umbilical vein that remains and becomes ductus venosus
L umbilical vein
Left common cardinal vein becomes what
coronary sinus
anterior cardinal veins become smaller veins and what
SVC (superior vena cava)
if left anterior cardinal vein persists, what happens
persistent LSVC: (bilateral superior vena cavas); still normal drainage to coronary sinus
posterior cardinal veins
contribute to IVC
happens when blood doesn’t go straight to R atrium, so goes through azygos then to SVC then R atrium
interrupted IVC
normal amount of pulmonary veins that usually enter in back of L atrium
4
happens when 2 R pulmonary veins enter SVC instead of Left Atrium and there is also a hole that connects R and L atrium
PAPVR (partial anomalous pulmonary venous return) w/ sinus venosus ASD (atrial septum defect)
happens when all pulmonary veins coalesce and join vertical vein draining to SVC, IVC, or coronary sinus
TAPVR (total anomalous pulmonary venous return)
TAPVR when “vertical vein” drains to SVC
supracardiac
TAPVR when “vertical vein” drains to coronary sinus
cardiac
TAPVR when “vertical vein” drains to IVC
infracardiac
