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CVR Biweekly 1 > Cardiac Embryology > Flashcards

Cardiac Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

vessel that carries oxygen from placenta to fetus

A

umbilical VEIN

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2
Q

vessel with highest oxygen level in the fetus

A

IVC

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3
Q

R ventricle developing on R side of heart whereas L ventricle develops on L side of heart

A

dextral looping

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4
Q

abnormal; R ventricle developing on L side of heart and L ventricle on R side

A

Levo looping

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5
Q

3 main tissues involved in atrial septation

A

septum primum
septum secundum
endocardial cushion

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6
Q

endocardial cushion gives rise to what 4 things

A

mitral valve
tricuspid valve
part of atrial septum
part of ventricular septum

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7
Q

in fetus, blood flows from R atrium to L atrium through what that is made by holes in septum primum and secundum

A

foramen ovale

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8
Q

heart is formed from

A

mesoderm

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9
Q

what specific mesodermal cells is the heart formed from

A

lateral splanchnic mesodermal cells

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10
Q

3 main layers formed in development of heart

A

endocardium
cardiac jelly
myocardium

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11
Q

gives rise to valves and inner lining of heart

A

endocardium

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12
Q

muscular layer on outside of heart

A

myocardium

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13
Q

gelatinous CT outside of endocardium

A

cardiac jelly

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14
Q

aortic arches (name them top to bottom)

A

Truncus arteriosus
Bulbus cordis
primitive ventricle
primitive atrium
sinus venosus

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15
Q

part of primitive heart tube swelling that gives rise to aortic and pulmonic arteries

A

truncus arteriosus

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16
Q

Bulbis cordis gives rise to what

A

Right ventricle

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17
Q

gives rise to Left ventricle mainly

A

primitive ventricle

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18
Q

gives rise to R and L atria

A

Primitive atrium

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19
Q

gives rise to part of R atrium, SA node, and coronary sinus

A

Sinus venosus

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20
Q

apex of heart migrates to R hemithorax

A

dextrocardia

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21
Q

apex of heart migrates to L hemithorax

A

levocardia

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22
Q

failure of septation can lead to endocardial cushion/AV canal defects and is associated with ____

A

Down Syndrome

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23
Q

1st wall formed during atrial septation

A

septum primum

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24
Q

1st hole formed during atrial septation

A

ostium primum

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25
Q

membranous portion of atrial septum

A

septum primum

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26
Q

how does ostium secundum (2nd hole) arise

A

apoptosis (but 1st hole doesn’t close until the 2nd is made)

27
Q

2nd wall of atrial septum formed

A

septum secundum

28
Q

muscular portion of atrial septum

A

septum secundum

29
Q

upper portion of septum primum resorbs and the remaining bottom half turns into what

A

flap of foramen ovale!!!

30
Q

flap of foramen ovale covers what during fetal development

A

patent foramen ovale (PFO)

31
Q

patent foramen ovale (PFO) is there during fetal development, but then does what after birth

A

it normally closes on its own (problems arise when it doesn’t)

32
Q

directs oxygen-rich blood from the inferior vena cava toward the foramen ovale and away from the tricuspid valve during fetal development.

A

Eustachian Valve

33
Q

blood flows from _____ to -______ with the help of Eustachian valve and foramen ovale during fetal development

A

R to L atrium

34
Q

most common atrial septum issues deal with what

A

septum primum

35
Q

this atrial septum defect (ASD) is due to excessive resorption of septum primum

A

Secundum ASD

36
Q

this atrial septum defect deals with defect in fusion of septum primum w/ endocardial cushion

A

Primum ASD

37
Q

3 parts that make up complete AV canal defect

A

inlet VSD (ventricular septum defect)
common AV valve
primum ASD (atrial septum defect)

38
Q

complete AV canal defect is associated with what

A

Down Syndrome

39
Q

myocardial cells form what part of ventricular septum and stop short of endocardial cushion

A

muscular part

40
Q

tissue from bulbar ridges of bulbis cordis fuses w/ endocardial tissue and muscular part of ventricular septum forming what

A

membranous ventricular septum

41
Q

most common ventricular septal defect (VSD)

A

perimembranous

42
Q

Inlet or Canal-type ventricular septal defects (VSD) is associated with what

A

Down Syndrome

43
Q

when heart muscle stays spongy and never compacts into thinner layer of dense muscle

A

noncompaction

44
Q

develop from neural crest cells in BC and TA and fuse in midline and spiral

A

bulbar ridges

45
Q

which great artery is anterior and which one is posterior

A

Pulmonary- anterior
Aorta-posterior

46
Q

happens due to anterior malalignment of infundibular/conal septum (area just below pulmonary valve- outflow tract)

A

Tetralogy of Fallot w/ pulmonary valve stenosis

47
Q

Conotruncal defects (truncus arteriosus) involving outflow tracts & great arteries are commonly seen with

A

DiGeorge Syndrome

48
Q

triad of thymic hypoplasia, hypocalcemia, cardiac malfunctions, 22q11 deletion

A

DiGeorge Syndrome

49
Q

AV valves evolve from what

A

endocardial cushion

50
Q

what must happen so the valves end up functioning properly (beautifully)

A

apoptosis of subvalvar tissue

51
Q

issue that results in one undivided AV valve

A

complete AV canal

52
Q

R valve never develops; so patient dependent on having ASD (atrial septum defect) to get blood to L side

A

tricuspid atresia

53
Q

AV valve issue associated with lithium use

A

Ebstein’s anomaly of the tricuspid valve

54
Q

semilunar valve issues dealing with pulmonary and aortic atresias rely on what to maintain life

A

PDA (patent ductus arteriosus)

55
Q

persistent opening b/t the aortic artery and pulmonic artery of heart

A

patent ductus arteriosus

56
Q

workhorse of fetus heart

A

R ventricle

57
Q

workhorse of adult heart

A

L ventricle

58
Q

in the fetus, oxygenated blood goes from umbilical vein to ______ (bypasses liver) then to RA

A

ductus venosus

59
Q

in the fetus, deoxygenated blood goes from pulmonary arteries to ______ (bypasses lungs)

A

ductus arteriosus

60
Q

path in fetus that has highest oxygen levels:

A

UV to DV to IVC

61
Q

do NOT take what while pregnant b/c can close ductus arteriosus (and kill baby)

A

NSAIDs

62
Q

hormone that keeps ductus arteriosus open

A

prostaglandin

63
Q

what decreases prostaglandin production and ultimately closes ductus arteriosus

A

breathing

64
Q

A 25 year old female never received any childhood vaccinations and contracts Rubella. The following week she learns that she is 5 weeks pregnant. What is the most likely congenital heart defect (CHD)?

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

CVR Biweekly 1 (19 decks)

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