Vascular infections Flashcards
1
Q
Bacteraemia + symptoms/signs of infection =
A
bloodstream infection
2
Q
Types of bacteraemia
A
- Transient
- Intermittent
- Continuous
3
Q
Transient bacteraemia =
A
number of bacteria slowly increasing in the blood
4
Q
Intermittent bacteraemia =
A
- Appear and reappear in the blood
- Pneumonia, pyelonephritis, abscess, meningitis
5
Q
Continuous bacteraemia =
A
- Number of bacteria in blood same and continuously detected
6
Q
Intravascular catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) routes of colonisation
A
- At time of insertion = whole area will be bright red
- Via hub contamination = point where other drips are attached – can migrate down lumen of line
- Haematogenous
- Via infusion = at entry of catheter in skin – area will be infected
7
Q
Main bacteria that cause CRBSI
A
- Coagulase negative staphylococci - 31%
- Staphylococcus aureus -20%
8
Q
Diagnosis of CRBSI
A
- Patient with an intravascular catheter and systemic signs of infection
- Differential time to positivity > 2 hours
9
Q
Infective Endocarditis presentation
A
- Non-specific illness = lethargy, malaise, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss
- Heart failure = SOB, orthopnoea, PND
- Results of extra-cardiac foci of infection = back pain from HVO, stroke, abdominal pain from splenic infarct
10
Q
Infective Endocarditis aetiology
A
- 34% = staphylococci
- 32% = Sterptococci
11
Q
Infective Endocarditis management
A
- flucloxacillin (6 hourly – 4-6 weeks)
- Surgery on valves, drain pus, remove infected devices
12
Q
Mycotic aneurysm definition
A
- Aneurysms resulting from, or secondarily infected by, microorganisms
13
Q
Mycotic aneurysm presentation
A
- Usually systemic symptoms of infection and variable symptoms from aneurysm
- Painless swelling or painful swelling
14
Q
Mycotic aneurysm aetiology
A
- Salmonella spp
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Streptococcus spp
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Escherichia coli
15
Q
Infected DVT presentation
A
- Symptoms/signs of DVT and systemic infection and/or respiratory symptoms (when infected thrombus breaks from DVT travels via the venous system to the lungs – infected pulmonary emboli)
