Male Urogenital pathology Flashcards
1
Q
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
A
- Increased number of both stromal and glandular cells in the prostate
- Enlarged prostate
2
Q
Epidemiology of BPH
A
- Old men (70% by aged 60)
- Obesity, diabetes
3
Q
Aetiology of BPH
A
- Hormone mediated
- Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
4
Q
Pathogenesis of BPH
A
- Compression of the urethra obstruction of bladder outlet…
- Urinary stasis = infection and stones
- Acute urinary retention
Back pressure = renal damage - Bladder muscular hypertrophy (need to strain)
5
Q
Clinical features of BPH
A
- Lower urinary tract symptoms - poor stream, straining, nocturia, dribbling
6
Q
Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
A
- Cancer of the glandular epithelium in the prostate
7
Q
Epidemiology of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
A
- Old men, black men
- Family history
- Pesticide exposure
8
Q
Aetiology of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
A
- Obesity, pesticides
- Inherited genetic mutations = BRCA 1/2
9
Q
Clinical features of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
A
- Lower Urinary tract symptoms
- Bone mets = bone pain
10
Q
Cryptorchidism
A
- Undescended testis - not in scrotum
11
Q
Epidemiology of Cryptorchidism
A
- Premature babies
12
Q
Aetiology of Cryptorchidism
A
- Multifactorial - different syndromes and environmental factors
13
Q
Clinical features of Cryptorchidism
A
- Empty scrotum (10% bilateral)
- May resolve spontaneously
- Can cause Infertility, hernias, testicular cancer risk and testicular torsion
14
Q
Seminoma
A
- Malignant neoplasm of the testis - arising from germ cells in the seminiferous tubules
- Most common type of testicular cancer
15
Q
Classification of Testicular cancers
A
- Germ or non germ cell
- Germ = seminoma or non-seminomatous
- Non germ = sex cord stromal tumours or Lymphoma
