Pathogen-Infection-Antibiotic Matching 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What do antibiotics target
A
- Cell wall
- Translation process
- RNA polymerase
- DNA replication
2
Q
Beta lactams
A
- penicillin, cephalosporin, carbapenem
- prevent bacteria from building up a peptidoglycan wall
3
Q
Resistance and amoxicillin
A
- Bacteria that are resistant produce Beta lactamase which breaks down beta lactams
- Co-amoxiclav (Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid) is useful against β-lactamase producers as Clavulanic acid is a β-lactamase inhibitor
4
Q
ESBL =
A
extended spectrum β-lactamase. Organisms that produce these are not easily treated. For these, these combined drugs are not used as a first line treatment
5
Q
Spectrum of activity of β-lactam antibiotics
A
- Penicillin is the most narrow spectrum ones – kill only specific species of bacteria
- Carbapenems are the most broad spectrum ones
6
Q
MRSA treatment
A
- methicillin resistant staph. aureus
- resistance to flucloxacillin
- Can’t use β-lactams to treat MRSA, have to use another class e.g. vancomycin (glycopeptide)
7
Q
Pneumonia treatment
A
- High risk – co-amoxiclav + clarithromycin
- Low risk – amoxicillin
- After you have tested to find the pathogen – give a more specific antibiotic
8
Q
C. difficile treatment
A
- Broad spectrum antibiotics kill gut flora and allow C.difficile to infect - names that start with C
- Stop current antibiotics and start oral metronidazole
9
Q
UTIs treatment
A
- Upper – fever, loin pain, tachycardia, low BP - treat with IV cefuroxime
- Lower – dysuria, frequency, treat with nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim, pivmecillinam
10
Q
Meningitis treatment
A
- Treat with IV ceftriaxone until you know pathogen; use a good broad spectrum β-lactam
11
Q
SIRS diagnosis
A
- systemic inflammatory response syndrome
- Requires 2 of the following:
Temp >38, Heart rate >90, Resp rate >20, WBC >12
12
Q
Sepsis diagnosis
A
SIRS AND a suspected focus of infection
13
Q
Septic shock =
A
sepsis and low BP (<90/60)
14
Q
Management of sepsis
A
BUFALO
- B = blood cultures – 2 sets
- U = urine output – catheterise to measure usually bad urine output
- F = fluids – 500ml IV saline over 15 mins.
- A = antibiotics – as per suspected infection
- L = lactate – ABGs for lactate and pH which shows underperfusion of patient
- O = oxygen – 15 l/m via reservoir face mask
15
Q
Cellulitis treatment
A
- Skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) caused by gram positive cocci –Staph aureus or Strep pyogenes. Treated with flucloxacillin
