Breast pathology Flashcards
1
Q
Screening
A
- Aim to identify people who appear healthy but have increased risk of disease
- Eligible women = 50-70, invited every 3 years
- Looking for calcification
2
Q
Breast triple assesment
A
- Clinical assessment = physical ex + history - P1-P5
- Radiological examination = Radiology scale R1-R5
- Pathological examination = Biopsy - B1-B5 - B5 = malignant
- Any scale above 2 requires treatment
3
Q
Fibrocystic disease features
A
- Benign, hormonally mediated breast changes including cyst formation, stromal fibrosis and mild epithelial hyperplasia without atypia
- Lumpy breasts and pain before menstrual cycle - usually bilateral
- More common in pre-menopausal women
- Increases risk of hypoestrogenism
4
Q
Fibroadenoma
A
- Presentation = mobile, painless, well-defined breast lump
- Common in women 20-30, more in afro-Caribbean
- Infarction is rare complication
- Treatment is surgical excision
5
Q
Breast cancer risk factors
A
- Increased oestrogen (e.g. early menarche (first period))
- late menopause,
- obesity in post-menopausal,
- OCP (oral contraceptive pill)
6
Q
2 types of breast cancer
A
- DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ) - B5a
- Invasive carcinoma - B5b
7
Q
DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ)
A
- Precursor of invasive carcinoma
- Identified as micro-calcifications on screen
- Treatment = wide local excision with localisation wire
8
Q
Invasive carcinoma
A
- Main types = Ductal 75%, Lobular 12%, medullary 3%, tubular/cribriform 3%
- Treatment = ultrasound guided core biopsy for histology
- Nottingham grading system used
9
Q
What markers are being looked at in a biopsy for breast cancer?
A
- Checking for any of 3 markers = ER (oestrogen receptor), PR (progesterone receptor), HER2 (if none = triple negative)
- ER and PR marked out of 8 = how positive the cells are for the receptor (guides treatment) – better prognosis if more markers as they can be targeted
- Sentinel node biopsy - first node dye hits is examined
