Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical pathology > Bacterial pathogens > Flashcards

Bacterial pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

Gram + cocci

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus agalactiae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gram - cocci

A

Neisseria meningitidis

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gram + bacilli

A

Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium difficile
Listeria monocytogenes
Corynebacterium diptheriae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gram - bacilli

A 
Salmonella typhi
Shigella spp
Escherichia coli
Proteus ssp
Yersinia pestis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gram - coccobacilli

A

Haemophilus
Bordetella
Brucella
Pasteurella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Spiral bacteria

A 
Helicobacter
Campylobacter
Borrielia
Leptospira
Treponema pallidum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cell structure

A

Gram + have thicker cell wall than Gram -

Gram + thick wall retains blue black colour of stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Stain colour

A

Gram + = Blue black

Gram - = pinky red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cell shape

A

Cocci are circular

Bacilli are flattened oval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why do bacteria cause infections

A

Host factors, Bacterial factors, opportunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Host factors

A

Immune system, devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bacterial factors

A

Virulence, resistance, ability to survive in environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Opportunity

A

Exposure, normal flora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

E.Coli and UTI’s

A
  • Part of normal bowel flora in most humans
  • Colonisation of urethral meatus
  • Able to adhere to uroepithelial cells and triggers inflammatory response in bladder
  • develops resistance to antibiotics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

S. AUREUS and skin infections

A
  • Carried in nasal carriage in up to 50% of people
  • Adheres to damaged skin
  • Produces exoenzymes and toxins that damage tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Staphylococccus aureus features

A
  • Causes skin/soft tissue infections
  • Bacteraemia, septicaemia
  • Endocarditis, pneumonia
17
Q

Staphylococcus epidermis

A
  • opportunistic pathogen
  • Most people carry on skin
  • Causes infection with foreign bodies such as catheters etc
  • Adheres to plastic/metals using glycocalyx (slime)
18
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A
  • Commonest cause of bacterial sore throat
  • Scarlet Fever, necrotising fasciitis and other SSTI’s
  • Invasive infections such as pneumonia
19
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A
  • commonest cause of bacterial pneumonia
  • Commonest cause of bacterial meningitis
  • can cause other common childhood infections like otitis media
20
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae

A
  • also known as group B strep

- Commonest cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis in neonates (3 months and under)

21
Q

Streptococcus milleri complex

A
  • 3 closely related species of pus-forming streptococci

- Associated with abscesses - dental, lung, liver, brain and others

22
Q

Viridans streptococci

A
  • Collective name for a number of species of haemolytic streptococci that inhabit the URT
  • cause sub-acute bacterial endocarditis
23
Q

Streptococcus gallolyticus

A
  • Type of alpha-haemolytic streptococcus in bowel flora

- This organism can cause bacteraemia due to colonic malignancies

24
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A
  • Gram + bacillus
  • rare but significant cause of sepsis and meningitis during pregnancy and neonates
  • Zoonosis - able to grow at low temps
  • unpasteurised milk can be a cause
25
Q

Corynebacterium species

A
  • Gram + bacillus
  • Most of the species are commensals of the skin and URT
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae causes diphtheria
26
Q

Propionibacterium acnes

A
  • Gram + bacillus

- Now called Cutibacterium acne - causes acne

27
Q

Enterobacteriaceae (coliforms)

A
  • A number of species of gram - bacteria found in bowel flora
  • include Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae
28
Q

E.coli

A
  • Commonest cause of UTI
  • commonest cause of bacteraemia
  • Cause of nosocomial infections - pneumonia, wound infections
  • certain toxigenic strains associated with severe diarrhoea and HUS
29
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A
  • Multi-resistant Gram - bacteria
  • Can cause respiratory infections, UTI’s and other infections
  • produces green pigment
30
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A
  • Gram negative diplococcus
  • causes meningococcal sepsis (meningitis)
  • Classic presentation is a non-branching rash
31
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A
  • Gram - diplococcus
  • Causes gonorrhoeae
  • Rarely causes secondary invasive infection
32
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A
  • Gram - bacillus
  • normal RT flora
  • causes respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia
  • The vaccine only prevents type B infections
33
Q

Anaerobes

A
  • Clostridium species (c.difficile, c.tetani etc)

- Often part of polybacterial infections

34
Q

Mycobacterium species

A
  • Do NOT stain using gram stains
  • referred to as Acid fast Bacilli
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis - TB
  • Atypical Mycobacteria cause respiratory infections
35
Q

Bacteria without a conventional cell wall

A
  • Chlamydia species, C. trachomatis - common STI

- Mycoplasma species M. pneumoniae - common cause of RTI

36
Q

Spirochaetes

A
  • Treponema pallidum - causes syphilis

- Other species cause Leptospirosis and Lyme disease

Clinical pathology (69 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions