Antibacterial and antifungal agents Flashcards
1
Q
Bacteria features
A
- Prokaryotes
- DNA ring like in cytoplasm
- uniform simple structures
2
Q
Fungi features
A
Eukaryotes
- DNA separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
- Hyphae, spores
- Complex structures
3
Q
What features do bacteria and fungi share
A
Both have:
- Cell wall
- Cell membrane
- DNA
- Synthetic functions (protein synthesis)
4
Q
What are antibiotics
A
Chemical products of microbes that inhibit or kill other organisms
5
Q
Bacteriostatic/ fungistatic
A
Inhibit growth - protein synthesis inhibitors
6
Q
Bactericidal/ fungicidal
A
Kill organism - cell-wall active agents
7
Q
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
A
minimum concentration at which visible growth is inhibited
8
Q
synergism
A
activity of 2 antimicrobials given together is greater than the sum of their activity if given separately
9
Q
Antagonism
A
one agent diminishes the activity of the other
10
Q
Antimicrobial targets
A
- Cell wall
- Protein synthesis
- DNA synthesis
- RNA synthesis
- Cell membrane
11
Q
Bacterial cell wall
A
- Peptidoglycan
- Gram +/- bacteria
- Polymer of glucose derivatives
12
Q
Fungi cell wall
A
- β-1,3-glucan
- Forms fibrous network on inner surface of the cell wall
13
Q
β-lactams
A
- Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
- Targets Transpeptidase enzymes involved in cross-linking the cell wall of bacteria
- β-lactamase enzymes hydrolyse inactive β-lactams
14
Q
Examples of B lactams
A
- Penicillins
- Cephalosporins - cefuroxime
- Carbapenems -meropenem
- Monobactams - GRAM - only
15
Q
Glycopeptides
A
- Large molecules that inhibit binding of transpeptidases
- Used to treat MRSA
- E.g vancomycin, tigecycline
