Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clinical pathology > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a parasite

A

An organism which lives in or on another organism and benefits by deriving nutrients at the host’s expense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is symbiosis

A

Living together, long term interaction between the 2 species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mutualism

A

an association in which both species benefit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Parasitism

A

association in which the parasite benefits and the host suffers some injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Commensalism

A

An association in which the parasite only is benefiting without harming the host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Definitive host

A

Haarbours the adult stage of the parasite or where parasite sexually reproduces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Reservoir host

A

An species infected by a parasite which serves as a source of infection for other species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Intermediate host

A

Harbours the larval or asexual stages of the parasite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Paratenic host

A

Host where the parasite remains viable without further development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Protozoa

A

Single celled organisms - can be free living or parasitic in nature and multiply in humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 4 categories of phylum protozoa + examples

A
  • Flagellates - Giardia
  • Amoeboids - Entamoeba
  • Sporozoans - Malaria, cytposopridia
  • Trypanosomes - Trypanosoma, Leishmaniasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 classifications of parasite

A

Phylum protozoa
Helminths
Ectoparasites (anthropods)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Helminths

A

Large multicellular organisms - adults visible by eye - adults cannot multiply in humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 2 categories of helminths

A
  • Platyhelminth (flatworms)

- Nematodes (round worms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Categories and examples of flatworms

A
  • Cestodes (tapeworms) - Taenia sp

- Trematodes (flukes) - Schistosoma sp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Categories and examples of ring worms

A

Intestinal nematodes - Ascaris lumbricoides

Tissue nematodes - Wuchereria bancrofti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ectoparasites

A

Broadly include blood sucking anthropods and those that burrow into skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Examples of ectoparasites

A

Insects - Anopheles (mosquito)
Lice - Pediculus humaus capitus
Mites - Scabies sp
Arachnids (ticks) - Argasids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What types of life cycle can a parasite have

A

Direct
Simple indirect
Complex indirect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ascariasis - Parasite + transmission

A

Macroparasite - INTESTINAL NEMATODE - Ascaris lumbricoides

- Acquired by ingestion of eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ascariasis Life cycle

A
  • Formed in human intestine and secreted in faces

- Egg is fertilized in nature and reingested in food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ascariasis clinical features

A

Lung migration = Loefflers syndrome - haemoptysis, dry cough

Intestinal phase - Malnutrition, malabsorption, Intestinal obstruction (worms)

23
Q

Ascariasis treatment

A
  • Albendazole prevents glucose absorption by worm so it starves
24
Q

Schistosomiasis sp.

A

Macroparasite - Helminth - PLATYHELMINTH - fluke - Schistosoma

25
Life cycle of schistosoma
- Eggs that hatch infect snails - Snails are the intermediate host and infect humans by penetrating skin - Schistosomulae is formed which develops
26
Schistosomiasis clinical
- Katayama syndrome - Chronic schistosomiasis - Bladder fibrosis and dysfunction (Urinary) - Liver cirrhosis, Abdo pain, Portal hypertension
27
Schistosomiasis- Treatment
- Praziquantel - increased ionic permeability, tetanic contraction, detachment, death.
28
Hydatid disease
Macroparasite - PLATYHELMINTH - Tapeworm - Echinococcus sp.
29
Hydatid disease- Life cycle
- Formed in small intestine and embryonic egg secreted in faeces. - Hyatid cyst in organs - Scolex attatches to intestine - Usual host is sheep, dog - human can be accidental
30
Hydatid disease- Clinical
- Cysts 70% liver, 20% lungs - Mass effect - Secondary bacterial infection - Potential cyst rupture
31
Hydatid disease treatment
- Albendazole + praziqantel for daughter cysts
32
Malaria
Microparasite - Protozoa - sprozan - caused by specied of PLASMODIUM
33
Strongyloidiasis life cycle
- Rhabditiform larvae in intestine are excreted - Develop into infective filariform - Penetrate skin and migrate to small intestine - Adult worm in intestine deposits eggs
34
Strongyloidiasis clinical
- Strongyloidiasis hyper infection syndrome mortality 90%
35
Strongyloidiasis parasite
Strongyloides - roundworm
36
Strongyloides Treatment
- Ivermectin - Albendazole - Stop or reduce immunosuppressive therapy
37
Malaria life cycle - mosquito
- Mosquito take blood whilst injecting sporozoites - Sporozoites infect liver cell - Erythrocytic cycle forms gametocytes - Gametocytes ingested by mosquito
38
Malaria- Clinical
- rupture red blood cells, block capillaries - fever and rigors - Cerebral malaria - Renal failure
39
What are the different lengths of Erythrocytic cycle
P.knowlesi = 24 hours P.falciparum, P.vivax, P.ovale = 48 hours P.malariae = 72 hours
40
Returning traveller + fever =?
Malaria! until proven otherwise
41
Falciparum Malaria-Treatment
Antimalarials - co-artem | IV artesunate - haemolysis may occur so Hb levels should be checked
42
Non-Falciparum Malaria treatment
- Oral chlorquine | - Vivax and Ovale need Primaquine 14 days to treat Liver form
43
Cryptosporidiosis parasite
- Caused by Cryptosporidium parvum and hominis - microparasite - SPOROZOAN - PROTOZOA
44
Cryptosporidiosis life cycle
- Oocyte exits host - Contamination of food and water with oocyte - Oocyte ingested by host
45
Cryptosporidiosis- clinical
- Watery diarrhoea (no blood) | - Bloating, cramps, nausea
46
Cryptosporidiosis- treatment
- Rehydration, Nitazoxanide For immunocompromised: - Paromomycin, Nitazoxanide, Octreotide
47
Trichomoniasis parasite
Caused by Trichomonas vaginalis - FLAGELLATED protozoan
48
Trichomoniasis - clinical
Men - asymptomatic | Women - Smelly vaginal discharge, haemorrhages on cervix, dysuria
49
Trichomania life cycle
- Trophozoite in vaginal secretion - Multiplies and infects vagina and urethra - Transmitted by sex
50
Trichomoniasis treatment
- Metronidazole single dose
51
Giardiasis parasite
Caused by Flagellated protozoan - GIARDIA DUODENALIS
52
Giardiasis life cycle
- Infective cysts excreted, contaminate water and food | - Contaminated contents is ingested
53
Giardiasis treatment
Metronidazole/tinidazole | - No vaccine available

Clinical pathology (69 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions