Antivirals Flashcards
What do antivirals consist of
- Nucleic acid
- +/- lipid envelope
- protein
RNA viruses
influenza
measles
mumps
Hep A
Chronic DNA viruses
Latent - HSV, CMV
Persistent - HIV, Hep B+C
When are antivirals used
- Chronic infections
- Immunocompromised
- Acute infection with high risk of complication
Treatment of HSV
- Aciclovir
- Treats oral and genital herpes
Treatment of chickenpox and shingles
- Aciclovir
- Treat all adults with chickenpox
- Treat above 60 for shingles
Treatment of influenza
- Neuraminidase inhibitors
- Oseltamivir (oral) and Zanamivir (inhaled)
- Treat high risk patients
Virus replication process
- Attaches to cell via receptor
- Cell entry and virus uncoats
- Viral enzymes produced and replicate
- Translation, proteins assembled and released
Nucleoside Reverse Transcription Inhibitors (NRTIs)
- Inhibit reverse transcriptase
- Pyrimidine analogues - Zidovudine + Lamivudine
- Purine analogues - Abacavir + Tenofovir
Treatment of Hep B
Lamivudine inhibits reverse transcriptase in HBV
Herpesvirus polymerase Inhibitors
- Aciclovir - HSV, shingles
- Ganciclovir - CMV, HSV
Treatment of Hep C virus
RNA polymerase inhibitor
- Sofosbuvir
Non-Nucleotide Reverse Transcription Inhibitors (NNRTIs)
- Efavirenz
- Nevirapine
- Inhibit polymerase
Protease Inhibitors
- Stop viral enzymes from carrying out toxic actions
- HIV - Atazanavir, darunavir, ritonavir
- Hep C - Paritaprevir, Grazoprevir
Entry inhibitor
Enfuviritide – fusion inhibitor
Maraviroc – chemokine receptor antagonist
Integrase inhibitors
Raltegravir, Dolutegravir
HIV mutation
- M184V mutation results in resistance to Lamivudine
Treatment of Hep C
- directly acting antivirals
- Combination therapy for 8-12 weeks
