Vascular: hypertension

Question 1

increased blood pressure involve what circulation systems

Answer 1

pulmonary or systolic circulation

Question 2

what defines systemic HTN

Answer 2

pressure greater than equal to 140/90 mmHg

-divided into primary and secondary types

Question 3

what is the most common type of HTN 95% of cases

Answer 3

primary

Question 4

what are risk factors for primary HTN

Answer 4

age
race - increase in african american, decreased in asians
obesity
stress
lack of physical activity 
high salt diet

Question 5

what is the etiology of primary htn

Answer 5

unknown

Question 6

what is secondary htn

Answer 6

htn due to an identifiable etiology

Question 7

what is an important cause of secondary htn

Answer 7

renal artery stenosis

Question 8

the end result of renal artery stenosis is

Answer 8

• increased plasma renin and unilateral atrophy of affected kidney

Question 9

what are important causes of stenosis

Answer 9

• atherosclerosis in elderly males

- fibromuscular dysplasia in young females

Question 10

what is fibromuscular dysplasia

Answer 10

developmental defect in blood vessel wall

• resulting in irregular thickening of large- and medium- arteries
• especially renal artery

Question 11

how else can htn be classified besides primary and secondary

Answer 11

benign and malignant

Question 12

what is benign htn

Answer 12

mild or moderate elevation in blood pressure

Question 13

how does benign htn clinically present

Answer 13

clinically silent

vessels and organs are damaged slowly over time

Question 14

what is malignant htn

Answer 14

severe elevation in blood pressure 200/120

Question 15

malignant htn may arise from

Answer 15

preexisting benign htn or de novo

Question 16

how does malignant htn present clinically

Answer 16

acute end-organ damage

medical emergency