Respiratory: Nasopharynx and Larynx Flashcards
What is rhinitis
inflammation of the nasal mucosa
what is the most common cause of rhinitis
rhinovirus
clinical presentation for Rhinitis
sneezing
congestion
runny nose
common cold
Name a sub-type of rhinitis and its MOA
Allergic rhinitis
- type I hypersensitivity reaction
what is an example of an antigen to cause allergic rhinitis
pollen
what characterizes Allergic rhinitis
inflammatory infiltrate with eosinophils
allergic rhinitis is associated with what other disease states
asthma and eczema
what are nasal polyp
protrusion of edematous, inflamed nasal mucosa
When can nasal polyps occur
- secondary to repeated bouts of rhinitis
- cystic fibrosis
- aspirin-intolerant asthma
what is the triad of aspirin-intolerant asthma
- asthma
- aspirin-induced bronchospasms
- nasal polyps
about how many asthmatic patients are aspirin-intolerant
10%
what is angiofibroma
benign tumor of nasal mucosa composed of large blood vessels and fibrous tissue
who usually gets angiofibroma
adolescent males
clinical feature of angiofibroma
profuse epistaxis
what is nasopharyngeal carcinoma
malignant tumor of nasopharyngeal epithelium
what virus is nasopharyngeal carcinoma found in and who is it classically seen in
- EBV
- Chinese adults
- African children
what must the biopsy reveal for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
pleomorphic keratin-positive epithelial cells ( poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma) in background of lymphocytes
what part of the body that is not part of respiratory is involved with nasopharyngeal
cervical lymph nodes
name 4 nasopharynx pathologies
- rhinitis
- nasal polyp
- angiofibroma
- nasopharyngeal carcinoma
what is acute epiglotis
inflammation of epiglottis
what is the most common cause of acute epiglottis
H. influenzae
who is acute epiglottis usually found in
especially non-immunizied children, and can be seen in immunized children
clinical presentation for epiglottis
high fever sore throat drooling with dysphagia muffled voice inspiratory stridor
dysphagia
difficulty or discomfort in swallowing
what is the risk associated with acute epiglottis
airway obstruction
medical emergency
what is laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)
inflammation of upper airway
what is the most common cause of laryngotracheobronchitis
parainfluenza
clinical presentation for laryngotracheobronchitis
hoarse
“barking” cough
inspiratory stridor
what is vocal cord nodule ( singer’s nodule)
nodule that arises on the true vocal cord
what causes vocal cord nodule
excessive use of vocal cords
how do the vocal cords present and what is it composed of?
- bilaterally
- degenerative (myxoid) connective tissue
how does vocal cord nodule present and what makes it better
- hoarseness
- rest the vocals
what is laryngeal papilloma
benign papillary tumor of the vocal cord
what are the most common causes of laryngeal papilloma
HPV 6 and 11
who and how many does laryngeal papilloma present in
papillomas single in adults and multiple in children
how does laryngeal papilloma present
hoarseness
what is laryngeal carcinoma? where does it come from
squamous cell carcinoma arising from epithelial lining of vocal cord
what are risk factors for laryngeal carcinoma
alcohol and tobacco
- rarely from laryngeal papilloma
clinical symptoms of laryngeal carcinoma
hoarsness
cough
stridor
