GI: Oral Cavity/ Salivary Gland Flashcards
What is cleft lip and palate?
full-thickness defect of lip or palate
What causes cleft lip and palate? When does this occur
- failure of facial prominences to fuse: 1 superior, 2 from the sides, 2 from inferior
- early pregnancy
What is Aphthous ulcer
painful, superficial ulceration of the oral mucosa
When does aphthous ulcer occur
arise during stress and resolves spontaneously, but often reoccurs
what is the physical characteristic for aphthous ulcer
grayish base surrounded by erythema
what is behcet syndrome
recurrent aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, and uveitis
what causes behcet syndrome
immune complex vasculitis involving small vessels
What is the etiology of behcet syndrome
unknown, but can be seen after viral infection
What usually causes oral herpes
HSV-1
what is oral herpes
oral mucosa that rupture, resulting in shallow, painful, red ulcers
lesions heal
When does primary infection of oral herpes occur
childhood
Where does HSV-1 Live in the body
virus remains dormant in ganglia of the trigeminal nerve
what can cause reactivation of oral herpes
stress and sunlight
where do oral herpes usually occur
vesicles on lips, cold sore
what is squamous cell carcinoma (oral)?
Malignant neoplasm of squamous cells lining the oral mucosa
what are 2 major risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma
tobacco and alcohol
what is the most common location for squamous cell carcinoma ( oral)
floor of mouth
what are 2 precursor lesions for squamous cell carcinoma (oral)
oral leukoplakia
erythroplakia
what is leukoplakia
white plaque that cannot be scraped away
Leukoplakia often represents what
squamous cell dysplasia
Describe oral candidiasis
- white deposit on tongue
- easily scraped away
who usually gets oral candidiasis
immunocompromised states
Describe hairy leukoplakia
white, rough (‘hairy’) patch that arises on the lateral tongue
who is hairy leukoplakia usually seen in and what usually causes it
- immunocompromised states
- EBV-induced squamous cell hyperplasia; not pre-malignant
What is Erythroplakia
- red plaque
- vascularized leukoplakia
erythroplakia is highly suggestive of what
squamous cell dysplasia
What is biopsied for rule out carcinoma
erythroplakia and leukoplakia
what type of glands are salivary glands
exocrine glands
what are the major salivary glands
parotid
submandibular
sublingual
what is mumps
infection with mumps virus
-bilateral inflamed parotid glands
Mumps impacts what other organs
orchitis
pancreatitis
aseptic meningitis
what is orchitis
inflammation of one or both testicles
What is increased in the salivary gland due to mumps
serum amylase
what are the risks of orchitis
sterility, especially in teens
what is sialadenitis
inflammation of the salivary gland
what is a common cause of sialadenitis
obstructing stone (sialolithiasis) leading to staphylococcus aureus infection - usually unilateral
What is the most common tumor of the salivary gland
Pleomorphic adenoma
What is pleomorphic adenoma
- benign tumor composed of stromal (e.g., cartilage) and epithelial tissue
What gland does pleomorphic adenoma commonly occur
Parotid
what is the physical characteristic of pleomorphic adenoma
extension of small islands of tumor through tumor capsule often leads to incomplete secretion
How often does pleomorphic adenoma turn over to carcinoma? characterize the carcinoma
rarely,
- signs of facial nerve damage ( facial nerve runs through parotid gland)
What is the 2nd most common tumor of the salivary gland
Warthin tumor
What is warthin tumor
benign cystic tumor with abundant lymphocytes and germinal centers (lymph node-like stroma)
what gland does warthin tumor usually occur in
parotid
What is the most common malignant tumor of the salivary gland
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
what is mucoepidermoid carcinoma
malignant tumor composed of mucinous and squamous cells
What gland does the mucoepidermoid carcinoma occur in?
parotid
- commonly involves facial nerve
