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Pathoma > Female Pathology: vulva > Flashcards

Female Pathology: vulva Flashcards

1
Q

what structures are included in the vulva

A
  • skin and mucosa that is external to hymen

- labia majora, labia minora, mons pubis, vestibule

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2
Q

what epithelium lines the vulva

A

squamous epithelium

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3
Q

What is Bartholin cyst

A

cystic dilation of Bartholin gland

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4
Q

Where is Bartholin gland located? What does it produce? and where does is drain

A
  • each side of vaginal canal
  • mucus-like fluid
  • ducts into lower vestibule
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5
Q

what causes Bartholin cyst

A

inflammation and obstruction of gland

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6
Q

who usually gets Bartholin cyst

A

women of reproductive age

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7
Q

how does Bartholin cyst present clinically

A

unilateral, painful cyst

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8
Q

What is condyloma

A

watery neoplasm of vulvar skin

often large

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9
Q

What are common and less common causes of condyloma

A

common: HPV 6 or 11

less common: secondary syphilis ( condyloma latum)

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10
Q

Histologically, HPV-associated condylomas are characterized by what

A

Koilocytes

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11
Q

Do condylomas progress to carcioma

A

rarely

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12
Q

What is Lichen Sclerosis

A

thinning of epidermis and fibrosis (sclerosis) of dermis

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13
Q

clinical presentation of Lichen Sclerosis

A

white patch ( leukoplakia) with parchment-like vulvar skin

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14
Q

Lichen sclerosis is seen in who

A

postmenopausal women

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15
Q

what is a possible etiology for Lichen sclerosis

A

autoimmune

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16
Q

Is lichen sclerosis benign or malignant

A

Benign

- slightly increased risk for squamous cell carcioma

17
Q

What is lichen simplex chronicus

A

hyperplasia of vulvar squamous epithelium

18
Q

how does lichen simplex chronicus present

A

leukoplakia with thick, leathery vulvar skin

19
Q

lichen simplex chronicus is associated with other conditions

A

chronic irritation and scratching

20
Q

is lichen simplex chronicus benign or malignant

A

benign

no increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma

21
Q

what is vulvar carcinoma

A

carcinoma arising from squamous epithelium lining vulva

22
Q

how often does vulvar carcinoma present

A

rare

23
Q

how does vulvar carcinoma present

A

leukoplakia

24
Q

Etiology of vulvar carcinoma

A

HPV related or non HPV related

25
Q

HPV related vulvar carcinoma is due to which strands of HPV

A

HPV 16 and 18

26
Q

What are risk factors related to HPV exposure

A

multiple sex partners

early first age of intercourse

27
Q

who does HPV usually occur in

A

women of reproductive age

28
Q

HPV related vulvar carcinoma arises from what condition

A

vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)

29
Q

what is VIN- vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia

A

dysplastic precursor lesion

  • kiolocytic change
  • disordered cellular maturation
  • nuclear atypia
  • increased mitotic activity
30
Q

non-HPV related vulvar carcinoma arises from what condition

A

long-standing lichen sclerosis

31
Q

who usually gets non-HPV vulvar carcinoma

A

elderly women

32
Q

how does lichen sclerosis progress to non-HPV vulvar carcioma

A

chronic inflammation and irritation

33
Q

what is extramammary paget disease

A

malignant epithelial cells in epidermis of vulva

34
Q

how does extramammary paget disease clinically present

A

erythematous
pruritic
ulcerated vulvar skin

35
Q

characterize paget disease of nipple

A

malignant epithelial cells in epidermis of nipple

36
Q

what is the difference between paget disease of nipple and extramammary paget disease

A

nipple: associated with underlying carcinoma
extramammary: carcinoma in situ, no underlying carcinoma

37
Q

what are biomarkers for extramammary paget cells

A

PAS+
Keratin +
S100-

38
Q

What are biomarkers for Melanoma of vulva

A

PAS-
Keratin -
S100 +

Pathoma (38 decks)

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