Female pathology: ovarian tumors Flashcards
what are the 3 cell types in ovary
surface epithelium
germ cells
sex cordstroma
what is the most common type of ovarian tumor
surface epithelial tumor
surface epithelial tumors are derived from what
coelomic epithelium that lines ovary
coelomic epithelium embryologically produced the epithelial lining of what structures
fallopian tube ( serous cells) endometrium endocervix ( mucinous cells)
what are 2 common subtypes of surface epithelium
serous and mucinous
both usually cystic
benign tumors ( cystadenomas) are composed of what
single cyst with simple, flat lining
cystadenomas commonely occur in who
premenopausal women 30-40
malignant tumors ( cystadenocarcinomas) are composed of what
complex cysts with thick, shaggy lining
who usually gets cystadenocarcinoma
post menopausal women 60-70
BRCA1 mutation carrier have an increased risk for what
serous carcinoma of ovary and fallopian tube
what are surgery options for BRCA1 mutant patients
prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy
prophylactic mastectomy
Brenner tumor 2 types. which ones are malignant/benign.
- endometrioid tumors composed of endometiral-like glands, malignant
- bladder-like epithelium, benign
when do surface tumors clinically present and how do they present
late with vague abdominal symptoms ( pain and fullness_ or signs of compression ( urinary frequency)
prognosis for surface epithelial carcinoma
poor
where does epithelial carcinomas tend to spread
peritoneum
what is the 2nd most common type of ovarian tumor
germ cell tumor
who usually gets germ cellt umor
women of reproductive age
choriocarcinoma
cytrotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts
- mimics placental tissue but villi absent
endodermal sinus tumor
yolk sac
dysgerminoma
oocytes
cystic teratoma and embryonal carcinoma
fetal tissue
What is the most common germ cell tumor in females
cystic teratoma
struma oavarii is a teratoma composed of what
thyroid tissue
cystic teratoma is benign but how does it indicate malignancy
- immature tissue ( usually neural)
- somatic malignancy ( usually squamous cell carcinoma of skin)
What is the most common malignant germ cell tumor
Dysgerminoma
histo for dysgerminoma
large cells with clear cytoplasm
central nuclei
what is the testicular counterpart of Dysgerminoma
seminoma
what is a treatment and prognosis for Dysgerminoma
radiotherapy
good prognosis
What are serum levels for dysgerminoma
LDH may be elevated
what is the most common germ cell tumor in children
endodermal sinus tumor
what is serum levels for endodermal sinus tumor
AFP often elevated
what is seen in histo for endodermal sinus tumor
Schiller-Duval bodies ( glomerulus-like structures)
what hormone levels are high for endodermal sinus tumor? What can this lead to
beta-hCG ( produced by syncytiotrophoblasts)
- thecal cysts in ovary
Endodermal sinus tumor does not respond well to what therapy
chemotherapy
is Embryonal carcinoma aggressive
yes
early metastasis
what is sex cord-stromal tumors
resemble sec cord-stromal tissues of ovary
What are 3 types of sex cord-stromal tumors
Granulosa-theca cell tumor
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
Fibroma
what is granulosa-theca cell tumor
neoplastic proliferation of granulosa and theca cells
what are clinical signs for granulosa-theca cell tumor
estrogen increased
- prior to puberty: precocious puberty
- reproductive age: menorrhagia and metrorrhagia
- postmenopause ( most common): endometrial hyperplasia with uterine bleeding
histo for Sertoli-leydig tumor
Reinke crystals
what is fibroma
benign tumor of fibroblasts
what is fibroma associated with
pleural effusions and ascites ( miegs syndrome)
what is Meigs syndrome
triad of benign ovarian tumor with ascites and pleural effusion that resolves after resection of the tumor.
What is Krukenberg tumor
metastatic mucinous tumor
- both ovaries
what is common cause of Krukenberg tumor
metastatic gastric carcinoma
what is pseudomyxoma peritonei
massive amounts of mucus in peritoneum
what causes pseudomyxoma peritonei
mucinous tumor of appendix
mats to ovary
