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Seksuologie > Variations in sexual behavior > Flashcards

Variations in sexual behavior Flashcards

1
Q

When is sexual behavior abnormal?

A

Terms like:
- sexual deviance
- perversion
- sexual variance
- paraphilia

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2
Q

Statistical definition of abnormal sexual behavior

A

A sexual behavior that is rare or not practiced by many people

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3
Q

Sociological approach of abnormal sexual behavior

A

Sexual behavior that violates the norms of the society

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4
Q

Psychological approach of abnormal sexual behavior

A

Criteria include dysfunctional behavior, distress, highly deviant behavior, behavior that is dangerous to the self and others

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5
Q

Medical approach of abnormal sexual behavior

A

DSM-5 includes 8 atypical sexual interests

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6
Q

Paraphilia

A

Unusual, unconventional sexual behavior
- coercive and victimizing vs.
- noncoercive and nonvictimizing

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7
Q

Paraphilic disorder

A

Paraphilia that causes the person distress or impairs their functioning, or causes harm to self or others

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8
Q

The normal - abnormal continuum

A
  • normal and abnormal sexual behavior are not two seperate categories but rather gradations on a continuum
  • a mild, or even a strong preference for an object is within the normal range of sexual behavior but is abnormal if it becomes an extreme necessity
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9
Q

Fetish as a necessity

A

When a sexual fetish becomes a necessity, it becomes abnormal

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10
Q

Fetishism

A

Sexual fixation on some object other than another human being and attachment of great erotic significance to that object
- tend to develop early in life

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11
Q

2 explanations for fetishdevelopment

A
  • learning theory
  • cognitive psychology
    (we are not sure what causes fetishes to develop)
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12
Q

Learning theory for fetishes

A

A learned association is built between the fetish object and sexual arousal and orgasm

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13
Q

Cognitive psychology for fetishes

A

A serious cognitive distortion; arousal may be caused by guilt and self-loathing

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14
Q

Cross-dressing

A

Refers to dressing as a member of the other gender
- drag queens/kings
- female impersonators

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15
Q

Drag queens/kings

A

(Wo)men who dress op as (wo)men

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16
Q

Female impersonators

A

Men who dress as women, often as part of an entertainment job

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17
Q

Transvestim

A

The practice of dressing as a member of the other gender to experience sexual arousal
- occasional cross-dressing is one of the harmless, victimless sexual variations
- problematic only when it is the person’s only source of erotic gratification or it becomes a compulsion that causes distress in other areas of the person’s life

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18
Q

Transvestic disorder

A

A heterosexual man who dresses in female clothing to produce or enhance sexual arousal (almost exlusively a male sexual variation)
- may be often in private
- persists for at least 6 months
- clinically significant distress

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19
Q

Sexual sadist

A

A person who derives sexual satisfaction from inflicting pain on another person
- Marquis de Sade

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20
Q

Sexual masochist

A

A person who derives sexual satisfaction from experiencing pain
- Leopold von Sacher-Masoch

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21
Q

Sadism and Masochism

A

Sadomasochism is a rare form of sexual behavior
- S-M behavior seems to be scripted
- hypermasculinity, administering and receiving, physical restriction, and humiliation

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22
Q

Causes for sadism and masochism

A

Causes are not precisely known
- a child learns to associate pain with sexual arousal
- a desire to escape from self-awareness

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23
Q

Voyeur

A

A person who becomes sexually aroused from viewing unsuspecting persons who are nude, undressing or having sex
- preference of strangers
- like the element of risk
- may or may not videotape it

24
Q

Exhibitionism

A

The person derives sexual pleasure from exposing his genitals to a nonconsenting person
- Goal: to produce shock or other strong emotional response (more common in men)
- cause may be linked to social skill deficits

25
Q

Seksverslaving in de DSM 5

A

Gedrag gaat via een cyclus van vier stappen
- preoccupatie (kan nergens anders aan denken)
- rituelen (bepaalde ritueel voorafgaand aan gedrag
- dwangmatig seksueel gedrag
- wanhoop

26
Q

Kritiek seksverslaving

A

Het is geen verslaving, omdat er geen ontwenningsverschijnselen zijn en men bang is dat de verslaving een excuus wordt voor illegaal, detructief gedrag, zoals verkrachting
- Compulsief Seksueel Gedrag als alternatief

27
Q

Compulsief seksueel gedrag

A

Een stoornis waarbij een persoon intense seksuele opwindende fantasieën, neigingen en geassocieerde seksuele gedragingen ervaart die opdringerig, gedreven en herhalend zijn
- gebrek aan impulscontrole
- krijgen sociale en legale sancties
- interferentie in interpersoonlijk en beroepsmatig functioneren
- gezondheidsrisico’s

28
Q

Hypersexuality

A

An excessive, insatiable sex drive
- leads to compulsive behavior; sexuality can overshadow all other concerns and interests
- one operational definition of hypersexuality suggests > 7 orgasms per week consistently for a min. of 6 months
- gebrek aan controle
- moeite met gedrag reguleren
- hogere mate van seksueel verlangen
- negatieve uitkomsten ervaren
- frequent seksueel actief

29
Q

Soorten hyperseksualiteit

A
  • parafilische hyperseksualiteit
  • avoidant masturbation
  • chronic adultery
  • sexual guilt
  • designated patient
30
Q

Parafilische hyperseksualiteit

A

Extreem hoge frequenties van het kijken van porno of frequent gebruik van betaalde partners en verschillende extra parafiele stoornissen

31
Q

Avoidant masturbation

A

Mannen die veel tijd spenderen aan het kijken van porno en een paar uur per dag masturberen

32
Q

Chronic adultery

A

Mensen die veel vreemd gaan, maar een paar parafiele interesses hebben en weinig tijd spenderen met het najagen van seksuele bevrediging

33
Q

Sexual guilt

A

De hoeveelheid seks ligt in een normale range, maar mensen voelen zich er heel schuldig over

34
Q

Designated patient

A

De partner heeft hele strenge geloven over seks en ontdekt activiteit bij de cliënt waar ze het niet mee eens zijn. De client vertoont geen extreme gedragingen of parafiele stoornissen

35
Q

Asexuality

A

Defined as a lack of sexual attraction to a person of either sex
- asexuals were more likely women
- less likely to be cisgender
- and less likely to be in a serious romantic relationship

36
Q

IS asexuality a symptom of a mental disorder?

A

No, similar rates of depression

37
Q

Is asexuality an arousal disorder or sexual desire disorder?

A

No, asexuals do not necesserily report suffering from distress and they seem to have normal physiological arousal capacity

38
Q

Is asexuality a paraphilia?

A

No, a lack of interest is not considered to be an atypical sexual interest

39
Q

Is asexuality a sexual orientation?

A

If sexual orientation refers to attraction to members of one’s own gender, members of the other gender, or both, then attraction to neither can be considered as an orientation

40
Q

The grey spectrum of asexuality

A
  • Sex repulsed asexual
  • sex neutral asexuals
  • demi- sexuals (sexual attraction after emotional bond)
  • grey sexuals (occasionally sexual attraction)
41
Q

Niet opwindende online seksuele activiteit OSA

A

Het online opzoeken van informatie over seks
- solitary-arousal OSA
- parnered-arousal OSA

42
Q

Solitary-arousal OSA

A

Het bekijken van seksueel expliciete foto’s of video’s

43
Q

Partnered-arousal OSA

A

Het participeren in een online seksuele chat voor seksuele opwinding

44
Q

Pornografieverslaving

A

Herhaalde blootstelling aan pornografie zorgt ook neurofysische veranderingen tot het punt waarop het lan leiden tot beperking op professioneel of persoonlijk vlak.

45
Q

Asphyxiophilia (or hypoxyphilia)

A

The desire to induce in oneself a state of oxygen deficiency to create sexual arousal or to enhance excitement and orgasm
- people believe that arousal and orgasm are intensified by reduced oxygen

46
Q

Zoophilia (bestiality or sodomy)

A

Sexual contact with an animal

47
Q

Frotteurism

A

Sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving touching or rubbing one’s genitals agains the body of a non-consenting person

48
Q

Saliromania

A

Desire to damage or soil a woman and her clothes or the image of a women

49
Q

Coprophilia

A

Feces are important to sexual satisfaction

50
Q

Urophilia

A

Urine is important to sexual satisfaction

51
Q

Necrophilia

A

Sexual contact with a dead person

52
Q

Primaire preventie seksuele variatie

A

Interventies om te voorkomen dat er problemen ontstaan, is moeilijk om de volgende reden:
- categoriën diagnose onduidelijk
- meerdere diagnoses
- comorbiditeit
- onstaan in de kindertijd

53
Q

Secundaire preventie seksuele variatie

A

Cliënt in een vroeg stadium van de diagnose kan behandeld worden tijdens het moment van deviant gedrag, zodat problemen voorkomen kunnen worden

54
Q

Medical treatment for sexual variations

A

Hormonal treatment involves the use of drugs to reduce sexual desire
- Psychopharmacological treatment is based on the idea that treatiing psychological problems such as depression will take care of the paraphilic behavior

55
Q

Cognitive behavior therapies for sexual variation

A
  • education on the condition and factors that contribute
  • practice in impulse-control skills and minfulness
  • training in problem solving skills if the person experiences depression, anxiety or boredom
  • cognitive restructuring to deal with negative thoughts
  • skills to prevent relapse
56
Q

Multisystemische therapie MST

A

Een therpeutisch programma wat gericht is op jonge zedendeliquenten.
- combinatie van familietherapie, vaardigheidstraining en cognitieve gedragstherapie

57
Q

Skill training for sexual variation treatment

A
  • how to carry on a conversation
  • how to develop intimac
  • how to be appropriately assertive
  • identification or irrational fears
  • basic sexuality education

Seksuologie (22 decks)

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