Sexuality in perspective

Question 1

Sex

Answer 1

Sex refers to sexual anatomy and sexual behavior

Question 2

Gender

Answer 2

Refers to the state of being male or female or some other gender

Question 3

Sexual behavior

Answer 3

Produces an arousal and increases the chance of orgasm

Question 4

Religion

Answer 4

Until about 100 years ago, religion provided most of the information people had about sexuality
- Ancient Greek (homo- and heterosexuality)
- Fifteenth century Christians

Question 5

Important sex researchers

Answer 5

• Sigmund Freud
• Henry Havelock Ellis
• Richard von Krafft-Ebing
• Magnus Hirschfeld
• Alfred Kinsey
• Masters and Johnson

Question 6

Sigmund Freud

Answer 6

Psysician and founder of Psychiatry and Psychoanalysi
- sexuality is considered both the primary force in the motivation of all human behavior and the principal causes of all forms of neurosis

Question 7

Henry Havelock Ellis

Answer 7

Physician and Studies in the Psychology of Sex
Forerunner of modern sex research
- women, like men are sexual creatures
- masturbation is common
- physical and psychological factors play a role in sexual problems
- sexual deviations from the norm are often harmless

Question 8

Richard von Krafft-Ebing

Answer 8

Psychiatrist and Psychopathia Sexualis: eine Klinisch-Forensische Studie
- described sexual disorders based on patients’ experiences
- he coined the terms sadism, masochism, pedphilia, homosexuality, hetersexuality

Question 9

Magnus Hirschfeld

Answer 9

Founder of the first sex institure and the word transvestite
- adminstered the first large-scale sex survey obtaining data from 10000 people on a 130-item questionnaire

Question 10

Alfred Kinsey

Answer 10

Zoologist, entomologist, sexologist and founding father of the Institute of Sex Research, wrote Sexual Behavior in the Human Male and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female
- Kinsey Scale measures sexual orientation on a 7-point scale

Question 11

Masters and Johnson

Answer 11

Conducted most famous observational sex research
- studies the physiology of sexual response and sexual disorders
- Human Sexual Response and Human Sexual Inadequacy

Question 12

Cultivation

Answer 12

The view that exposure makes people think that what they see represents the mainstream of what really occurs

Question 13

Agenda setting or framing theory

Answer 13

The idea that the media define what is important and what is not by which stories they cover

Question 14

Social cognitive theory

Answer 14

The idea that the media provide role models whom we imitate

Question 15

Selectivity

Answer 15

The idea that people select and pay attention to certain media content

Question 16

Reinforcing spiral theory

Answer 16

One’s social identity predicts one’s media use and, in turn, media use affects one’s identity and beliefs

Question 17

Differential susceptibility model

Answer 17

Not everyone responds the same to the same media content

Question 18

Ethnocentrism

Answer 18

Tendency to regard one’s own culture as superior
- beliefs that its own customs are the standard by which other cultures should be judged

Question 19

Incest taboos

Answer 19

Regulations prohibiting sexual interaction between blood relatives are nearly universal

Question 20

Different reactions in societies to:

Answer 20

• sexual techniques
• masturbation
• premarital sex
• extramarital sex
• sex with same-gender partners
• standards of attractiveness

Question 21

Significance of the cross-cultural studies

Answer 21

• indicates the variation in human sexual behavior
• places personal standards and behaviors in perspective
• shows the importance of culture and learning in the shaping of sexual beahvior

Question 22

Cross-species perspectives on sexuality

Answer 22

Certain sexual behaviors are found among humans and other mammals, espcially other primates:
- masturbation
- same-gender sexual behavior
- sexual signaling
–> sexually behavior is more hormonally controlled among lower species and more controlled by the brain in higher species