Sexual disorders and sex therapy Flashcards
Sexual disorder
A problem with the sexual response that causes mental distress
- lifelong
- acquired
Lifelong sexual disorder
Present since the person became sexual
Acquired sexual disorder
Dysfunction appeared after a period of normal functioning
Sexual desire (libido)
Refers to an interest in sexual activity, leading the individual to seek out sexual activity or be pleasurably receptive to it
- male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
- female sexual interest/arousal disorder
Hyposexual desire
Inhibited sexual desire or low sexual desire
- lack of interest, sharply reduced interest or lack of responsive desire for sex
Desire disorders
Low sexual desire and arousal disorder merged in DSM-5: interest or desire problems frequently co-occur with arousal problems
- female sexual interest/arousal disorder
Female sexual interest disorder
Lack of interest in sexual activity
Female sexual arousal disorder
Lack of response to sexual stimulation, including lack of lubrication
- invloves psychological and physiological elements
- defined partly by a subjective sense that someone does not feel aroused despite adequate stimulation
Arousal disorders
Erectile disorder
- lifelong
- acquired
Erectile disorder
The inability to have or maintain an erection
- one result is that the man can not engage in sexual intercourse
- psychological reactions may be severe
- lifelong
- acquired
Lifelong erectile disorder
The man has never been able to have an erection that is satisfactory for intercourse
Acquired erectile disorder
The man has had erections sufficient for intercourse at other times
Orgasminc disorders
- Premature ejaculation
- Delayed ejaculation
- Female orgasmic disorder
- Situational orgasmic disorder
Premature ejaculation
When a man has an orgasm and ejaculates too soon
- definitions of what is too soon vary widely
- early and rapid ejaculation have fewer negative connotations
- ISSM: time component + lack of control component + distress component
Delayed ejaculation
When unable to have an orgasm, or it is greatly delayed
- may occur even though he has a solid erection and had more than adequate stimulation
strakke frenelum
kans op inscheuren
gebroken penis
Scheuren van de zwellichamen
Ziekte van (morbus) peyronie
Plak/ontsteking op het corpus cavernosum. Zorgt voor pijn op de penis en verkromming. Medicatie kan het tegengaan of anders een operatie
Female orgasmic disorder
- Anorgasmia, orgasmic dysfunction or inhibited female orgasm
The inability to have an orgasm
Situational orgasmic disorder
A woman has orgasms in some situations but not others
Pain disorders
- Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder
–> Dyspareunia and vaginismus merged in DSM-5
Dyspareunia
Pain experienced during intercourse
- cycle of pain, causing thoughts and axiety over pain. This causes less lubrication and more tension, which cause pain
- bij de vaginale ingang
- van de vagina
- bekkenstoornissen
Vaginismus
Spastic contraction of the muscles surrounding the entrance to the vagina
Physical causes of sexual disorders
Many disorders result from a complex interplay or organic and psychologiccal causes
- organic factors: physical factors, such as disease, injury and drugs
Examples of physical causes for sexual disorder
Erectile problems: diseases associated with the heart and circulatory system or diabetes
Delayed orgasm: treatments, like prostate surgery
Orgasmic disorder: extreme fatigue
Alcohol cause for sexual disorders
- Short term pharmacological effects and expectancy effects
- Long term effects of chronic alcohol abuse
Drugs cause for sexual disorders
- risky behavior: marijuana and crystal methamphetamine
- decreased sexual desire: marijuana, chronic use of cocaine
- erectile disorders: chronic use of cocaine
- orgasmic disorder: marijuana, chronic use of cocaine, morphine, heroin and methadone
Psychological causes for sexual disorders
Things that happen in the act of lovemaking that inhibit the sexual response
- child abuse
- punishment for sexual curiosity or activity
Emotional factors (fear of failure, sadness, depression etc.)
Cognitive interference
- sexual disorders
Negative thoughts that distract from focusing on the erotic experience
- performance pressuring can create enough stress to interfere with sexual functioning
- judging one’s own sexual expertise as if watching from the outside (spectatoring)
PLISSIT model
- intervention sexual disorders
Stepped care
P - providing permission to talk about sex
LI - limited information: take precautions or have solutions
SS - specific suggestions: what options are there if tired or in pain
IT - intensive therapy: complex cases, sexologist
Balance method
- intervention sexual disorders
Sexual function is the sum of stimulating and inhibiting factors
- factors consist of physical, emotional and practical factors
- factors that can be changes or not
- if there are many inhibiting factors, the higher the change that a person cannot faction adequately
- if there are many stimulating factors, the chance to function well is higher
Therapies for sexual disorders
Behavior therapy
- systematic desensitization
- sensate focus exercise
Cognitive behavior therapy
Behavior therapy in sexual disorders
A system based on learning theory, in which the focus is on the problem behavior and how it can be modified or changed
- systematic desensitization to reduce anxiety
- sensate focus exercises to eliminate a goal-oriented attitude toward sex
- simple education
Cognitive behavior therapy in sexual disorders
Combined behavior therapy and restructuring of negative thought patterns
- reduce the presence of interfering thoughts during sex
Mindfulness
The technique of focusing one’s attention on experiences in the present moment in a calm, nonjudgemental way
Mindfulness therapy
A system of training people in mindfulness practices
- one goal is to help people regulate their own negative emotions
- has been incorporated by some researchers into online sex therapy
Specific treatments for sexual disorders
- stop-start techniques (premature ejaculation)
- masturbation (primary orgasmic disorder in women)
- Kegel exercise
- progressive vaginal dilators
- bibliotherapy (self-help books)
Kegel exercises
In which the woman exercises the muscles surrounding the vagina - are used in sex therapy to enhance arousal and facilitate orgasm
Viagra
Drug is used to treat erectile disorders
Intracavernosal injection (erectile disorders)
- injected directly into penis
- dilates blood vessel to improve vasocongestion
- mainly used if the man does not resond to viagra or successors
Suction devices (erectile disorders)
A tube is placed around the penis and light suction until a reasonably form erection is present
Surgical therapy
- Severe cases of erectile disorder
- surgery destroys some parts of the penis
- a natural erection will be impossible in the future
- implantation of a penile prosthesis
- in which inflatable tubes are inserted into the penis
