Sexual disorders and sex therapy

Question 1

Sexual disorder

Answer 1

A problem with the sexual response that causes mental distress
- lifelong
- acquired

Question 2

Lifelong sexual disorder

Answer 2

Present since the person became sexual

Question 3

Acquired sexual disorder

Answer 3

Dysfunction appeared after a period of normal functioning

Question 4

Sexual desire (libido)

Answer 4

Refers to an interest in sexual activity, leading the individual to seek out sexual activity or be pleasurably receptive to it
- male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
- female sexual interest/arousal disorder

Question 5

Hyposexual desire

Answer 5

Inhibited sexual desire or low sexual desire
- lack of interest, sharply reduced interest or lack of responsive desire for sex

Question 6

Desire disorders

Answer 6

Low sexual desire and arousal disorder merged in DSM-5: interest or desire problems frequently co-occur with arousal problems
- female sexual interest/arousal disorder

Question 7

Female sexual interest disorder

Answer 7

Lack of interest in sexual activity

Question 8

Female sexual arousal disorder

Answer 8

Lack of response to sexual stimulation, including lack of lubrication
- invloves psychological and physiological elements
- defined partly by a subjective sense that someone does not feel aroused despite adequate stimulation

Question 9

Arousal disorders

Answer 9

Erectile disorder
- lifelong
- acquired

Question 10

Erectile disorder

Answer 10

The inability to have or maintain an erection
- one result is that the man can not engage in sexual intercourse
- psychological reactions may be severe
- lifelong
- acquired

Question 11

Lifelong erectile disorder

Answer 11

The man has never been able to have an erection that is satisfactory for intercourse

Question 12

Acquired erectile disorder

Answer 12

The man has had erections sufficient for intercourse at other times

Question 13

Orgasminc disorders

Answer 13

• Premature ejaculation
• Delayed ejaculation
• Female orgasmic disorder
• Situational orgasmic disorder

Question 14

Premature ejaculation

Answer 14

When a man has an orgasm and ejaculates too soon
- definitions of what is too soon vary widely
- early and rapid ejaculation have fewer negative connotations
- ISSM: time component + lack of control component + distress component

Question 15

Delayed ejaculation

Answer 15

When unable to have an orgasm, or it is greatly delayed
- may occur even though he has a solid erection and had more than adequate stimulation

Question 16

Female orgasmic disorder
- Anorgasmia, orgasmic dysfunction or inhibited female orgasm

Answer 16

The inability to have an orgasm

Question 17

Situational orgasmic disorder

Answer 17

A woman has orgasms in some situations but not others

Question 18

Pain disorders

Answer 18

• Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder
  –> Dyspareunia and vaginismus merged in DSM-5

Question 19

Dyspareunia

Answer 19

Pain experienced during intercourse
- cycle of pain, causing thoughts and axiety over pain. This causes less lubrication and more tension, which cause pain

Question 20

Vaginismus

Answer 20

Spastic contraction of the muscles surrounding the entrance to the vagina

Question 21

Physical causes of sexual disorders

Answer 21

Many disorders result from a complex interplay or organic and psychologiccal causes
- organic factors: physical factors, such as disease, injury and drugs

Question 22

Examples of physical causes for sexual disorder

Answer 22

Erectile problems: diseases associated with the heart and circulatory system or diabetes
Delayed orgasm: treatments, like prostate surgery
Orgasmic disorder: extreme fatigue

Question 23

Alcohol cause for sexual disorders

Answer 23

• Short term pharmacological effects and expectancy effects
• Long term effects of chronic alcohol abuse

Question 24

Drugs cause for sexual disorders

Answer 24

• risky behavior: marijuana and crystal methamphetamine
• decreased sexual desire: marijuana, chronic use of cocaine
• erectile disorders: chronic use of cocaine
• orgasmic disorder: marijuana, chronic use of cocaine, morphine, heroin and methadone

Question 25

Psychological causes for sexual disorders

Answer 25

Things that happen in the act of lovemaking that inhibit the sexual response
- child abuse
- punishment for sexual curiosity or activity
Emotional factors (fear of failure, sadness, depression etc.)

Question 26

Cognitive interference
- sexual disorders

Answer 26

Negative thoughts that distract from focusing on the erotic experience
- performance pressuring can create enough stress to interfere with sexual functioning
- judging one’s own sexual expertise as if watching from the outside (spectatoring)

Question 27

PLISSIT model
- intervention sexual disorders

Answer 27

Stepped care
P - providing permission to talk about sex
LI - limited information: take precautions or have solutions
SS - specific suggestions: what options are there if tired or in pain
IT - intensive therapy: complex cases, sexologist

Question 28

Balance method
- intervention sexual disorders

Answer 28

Sexual function is the sum of stimulating and inhibiting factors
- factors consist of physical, emotional and practical factors
- factors that can be changes or not
- if there are many inhibiting factors, the higher the change that a person cannot faction adequately
- if there are many stimulating factors, the chance to function well is higher

Question 29

Therapies for sexual disorders

Answer 29

Behavior therapy
- systematic desensitization
- sensate focus exercise
Cognitive behavior therapy

Question 30

Behavior therapy in sexual disorders

Answer 30

A system based on learning theory, in which the focus is on the problem behavior and how it can be modified or changed
- systematic desensitization to reduce anxiety
- sensate focus exercises to eliminate a goal-oriented attitude toward sex
- simple education

Question 31

Cognitive behavior therapy in sexual disorders

Answer 31

Combined behavior therapy and restructuring of negative thought patterns
- reduce the presence of interfering thoughts during sex

Question 32

Mindfulness

Answer 32

The technique of focusing one’s attention on experiences in the present moment in a calm, nonjudgemental way

Question 33

Mindfulness therapy

Answer 33

A system of training people in mindfulness practices
- one goal is to help people regulate their own negative emotions
- has been incorporated by some researchers into online sex therapy

Question 34

Specific treatments for sexual disorders

Answer 34

• stop-start techniques (premature ejaculation)
• masturbation (primary orgasmic disorder in women)
• Kegel exercise
• progressive vaginal dilators
• bibliotherapy (self-help books)

Question 35

Kegel exercises

Answer 35

In which the woman exercises the muscles surrounding the vagina - are used in sex therapy to enhance arousal and facilitate orgasm

Question 36

Viagra

Answer 36

Drug is used to treat erectile disorders

Question 37

Intracavernosal injection (erectile disorders)

Answer 37

• injected directly into penis
• dilates blood vessel to improve vasocongestion
• mainly used if the man does not resond to viagra or successors

Question 38

Suction devices (erectile disorders)

Answer 38

A tube is placed around the penis and light suction until a reasonably form erection is present

Question 39

Surgical therapy

Answer 39

• Severe cases of erectile disorder
• surgery destroys some parts of the penis
• a natural erection will be impossible in the future
• implantation of a penile prosthesis
• in which inflatable tubes are inserted into the penis