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Seksuologie > Contraception and abortion > Flashcards

Contraception and abortion Flashcards

1
Q

Personal reasons for birth control

A
  • health of the babies and mothers
  • plan for and space for children in a family
  • avoid pregnancy
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2
Q

Societal reasons for birth control

A
  • adolescent pregnancies
  • unintended pregnancies
  • limiting the size of the population
  • economics
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3
Q

Cross-cultural variations in contraceptions

A
  • coitus interruptus (pull out)
  • coitus obstructus (sperm in the bladder)
  • coitus reservatus (no ejaculation)
  • wassen met cola ??
  • essarium (blokkert doorgang voor sperma
  • borstvoeeding ??
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4
Q

Considerations in birthcontrol options

A
  • permanent or reversible
  • effectiveness
  • side effects
  • user’s motivation
  • lack of partner involvement
  • forgetfulness
  • accessibility/costs
  • ability to follow directions
  • ability to prevent STi transmission
  • individual health
  • individual comfort level
  • individual sexual behavior
  • intervention performed by medical staff?
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5
Q

Failure rate of contraception
- effectiveness

A

The pregnancy rate occuring using a particular contraceptive method –> the percentage of women who will be pregnant after a year of use
- perfect users and typical users
Effectiveness: 100 - failure rate

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6
Q

Hormonal birthcontrol methods

A

Highly effective
- pill
- patch
- vaginal ring
- implant
- injections
–> voorkomen een ovualtie

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7
Q

Nadelen hormonale anticonceptie

A
  • hormonale gezondheidsproblemen (bijv. trombose)
  • verergert borstkanker
  • interactie met medicatie
  • gewichtstoename
  • minder seksuele interesse en opwinding
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8
Q

Combination birth control pills

A

Contain estrogen and progestin
- 21 days on the pill, 7 days of or a placebo
- variations to this pattern have been introduced: 84 days on, 7 placebo (women has a period only once in three months)

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9
Q

How the pill works

A

Mainly by preventing ovultion (ther is no egg)
- Estogen: levels are high at the start and inhibits FSH production so there is no ovulation
- Progestin: keeps cervicl muscle thick, making the path for sperm hard and inhibits implantation. Inhibits LH for the ovulation

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10
Q

(dis)advantages of combination pill

A

Advantages:
- highly effective if used properly
- does not interfere with intercourse
- some advantageous side effects
Disadvatages:
- soem serious side effects
- cost
- all the burden of contraception placed on the woman
- no protection against STIs

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11
Q

Progestin pills (mini-pill)

A

To avoid estrogen related side effects
- change the cervical mucus, such that sperm cannot get through, inhibiting implantation and ovulation
- useful for women who cannot use the combination pill
- produce irregular menstrual periods

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12
Q

Driefasenpil

A

Je krijgt stabiele niveaus van oestrogeen binnen, maar drie fases van progesteron. Voordeel is dat het de totale homoonblootstelling vermindert

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13
Q

Patch (ortho evra)

A
  • administered through the skin
  • lasts 7 days (totaal 3 weken met stopweek)
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14
Q

Vaginal ring (NuvaRing)

A
  • a flexible, transparent ring (plastic)
  • inserted high in the vagina
  • effective for 21 days met stopweek
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15
Q

Emergency contraceptive

A
  • pill form for emergency
  • to prevent pregnancy (most effective within first 24 hours)
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16
Q

Depo-Provera DMPA
- prikpil

A

A progestin administered by injections, inhibiting ovulation, thickening cervical mucus and inhibiting growth of endometrium
- somewhat more effective than the pill
- mus be repeated every 3 months for max. effectiveness
- most users experience no menstrual periods
- kan osteoperos (botuitdunning) veroorzaken

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17
Q

Implants

A
  • thin rod ror tube constaining progestin
  • inserted under the skin of the woman’s arm
  • effective for four years
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18
Q

Intrauterine devide (IUD)

A
  • a small piece of plastic or metal that is inserted into the uterus by a health professional
  • remains in place until the woman wants to have it removed
  • creates an environment that is toxic to both sperm and eggs
19
Q

Diaphragm

A
  • inserted into the vagina and fits snugly over the servix
  • blocks the entrance to the uterus
  • must be used with a contraceptive cream or jelly ro kill sperm
  • Has a typical failure rate of 12%
  • comes in different sizes
  • kan TSS veroorzaken
20
Q

FemCap, Lea’s shield and the Sponge

A
  • vaginal barriers similar to the diaphragm
  • fitted over the cervix
  • should be used with a spermicide or microbicide
21
Q

The Male condom

A

A thin sheath that fits over the penis
- widespread use for contraception and protection against diseases dates from about 1843
- catches semen and prevents it entering
- perfect user failure rate is about 2%; typical user failure rate is about 13%
–> many failures result from improper or inconsistent use

22
Q

The Female condom

A

One ring of the female contom is inserted into the vagina while the other is spread over the vaginal entrance
- prevents sperm from entering the vagina and blocks the entrance to the uterus
- perfect-user failure rate is 5%; typical user failure rate is 21%

23
Q

Calendar method

A

Assumption: ovulation occurs about 14 days before the onset of menstruation
Regular: abstinence between day 10 and day 17

24
Q

Standard days method (SDM)

A

A women who knows that she is regular, whit a cycle lenght of between 26 and 32 days, abstains from days 8 to 19

25
Q

Basal body termperature method

A

Intercourse would be safe beginning about three days after ovulation

26
Q

Cervical mucus method

A

The woman determines when she ovulates by checking her cervical mucus

27
Q

Sympto-thermal method

A

Combines the basal body temperature method and the cervical mucus method

28
Q

Unreliability of body temperature method

A

0.2-0.5 degrees higher during ovulation
–> sex, a night out, drug/alcohol use, sickness, late night, medication can higher the bodytemperature as well

29
Q

Vasectomy

A

Male sterilization
- vas deferens is tied or cut
–> prevents sperm from being ejaculated
Vasovasostomy reverseses it

30
Q

Female sterilization

A

Blocking the fallopian tubes: in different ways
Laparoscopy: magnifying instument in abdomen
Minilaparotomy: immediately after birth
Transcervical: through the cervix and uterus

31
Q

Abortion

A

Removal of a implanted fertilized egg

32
Q

Vacuum aspiration method

A

Most common method of firts trimester abortion - until week 14 or 15
- suck out the contents of the uterus including the fetal tissue

33
Q

Dilation and evacuation

A

Used especially for later abortions (second trimester)
- similar to the vacuum aspiration method but must be done in a hospital as the fetus is relatively large by the second trimester

34
Q

Mifepristone

A
  • Progesterone is needed for implantation and development
  • mifepristone blocks progesterone so endometrium is sloughed off
  • Prostaglandins after 24-48 hours caused contraction of uterus and embryo expulsion
35
Q

Methotexate

A

Een combinatiedrug die giftig is voor de embryo. Het wekt samentrekken van de baarmoeder op, wat de embryo laat uitdrijven

36
Q

Nieuwe condooms

A

Dunnere condooms die niet van latex zijn of condooms die kunnen worden omgedaan voor de erectie

37
Q

Hormonale anticonceptie mannen

A

Veel methodes die zijn ontwikkeld zorgen ervoor dat de spermaproductie stopt, maar ook dat het libido omlaag gaat. Er is progressie voor een mannenpil, maar de meest hoopvolle methode is een crème die aangebracht wordt op armen en schouders

38
Q

RISUG

A

Injectie van poreus polymer in de vas door en smalle incisie. Sperma kan door het polymeer, maar het maakt de membraan kapot waardoor de spermacellen niet levensvatbaar zijn. Het lijkt op een vasectomy, maar het is makkelijk omkeerbaar

39
Q

Microbicides

A

Substanties die bicrodes doden en hopelijk ook sperma

40
Q

Betere pil

A

Een neiuwe pil wordt ontwikkeld waardoor het libido niet meer omlaag gaat

41
Q

Vaginale ringen

A

de nieuwe ring moet 12 maanden blijven zitten

42
Q

Sperma bindende bedels

A

Kleine bedels met een eiwit waaraan sperma bindt waardoor ze niet opzoek gaat naar eitjes. Deze bedeltjes worden aangebracht in de baarmoeder

43
Q

Omkeerbare sterilisatie

A

Injecteren van vloeibare siliconen in de eileiders, wat hard wordt en zorgt voor een plug die later verwijderd kan worden wanneer een vrouw zwanger wi l worden

Seksuologie (22 decks)

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