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Seksuologie > Pregnancy and childbirth > Flashcards

Pregnancy and childbirth Flashcards

1
Q

Conception

A

Egg released in the fallopian tube at around day 14 of cycle.
- 5 day trip to uterus if fertilized;
- falls apart within 48 hours if not fertilized
Sperm enters woman through ejaculation and swims to the egg (0.1% reaches the egg)

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2
Q

Acrosoom en zona pellucida

A

Acrosoom is de top van de spermaceel die door de zona pellucida heen kan. Dit is de een laagje dat om de eicel heen zit

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3
Q

Hyaluronidase

A

An enzyme secreted by the sperm that allows one sperm to penetrate the egg
- part of conception
- puncture through the zona pellucida

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4
Q

Kans oop bevruchting vergroten

A
  • 400 mg foliumzuur dagelijks
  • up to date met vaccinaties
  • genetische testing
  • gezond gewicht
  • bloedsuikerspiegel onder controle
  • geen tarotagenen
  • getimede gemeenschap
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5
Q

Anticonceptie

A
  • voorkomen van ovulatie (pil)
  • voorkomen vab bevruchting (condoom/sterilisatie)
  • voorkomen innesteling (spiraal)
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6
Q

Zygote

A

A fertilized egg
- travels down the fallopian tube- after 36 hours it start celldivision
–> first 8 weeks = embryo; after that = fetus

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7
Q

Determining ovulation

A
  • body temperature
  • day 14 of cycle
  • cervical mucys
  • sympto-thermal methods
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8
Q

Window of fertility

A

Sperm lives up to 5 days
Egg lives upto 2 days unfertilized
–> conception has to happen within those 2 days of alive egg
- Missionary would be the best position

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9
Q

Different layers of the embryo

A

Two layers:
- endoderm (digestive and respitory system)
- ectoderm (nervous system)
–> later also mesoderm (muscles, skeleton, connective tissue nd reproductive and circulatory systems)

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10
Q

Cefalo-causle volgorde

A

Eerst ontwikkelt het hoofd, dan pas het lichaam.

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11
Q

Placenta

A

An organ formed on the wall of the uterus through which the fetus receives oxygen and nutrients and gets rid of waste products

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12
Q

Umbilical cord

A

The tube that connects the fetus to the placenta
- blood from both the mother and child circulate, but never mix

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13
Q

Human chorionic gonadotropin
- hCG

A

A hormone secreted by the placenta; it is the horone detercted in pregnancy tests

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14
Q

Amniotic fluid

A

The watery fluid surrounding a developing fetus in the uterus
- this fluid fills the cavity called the amnion

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15
Q

Fetal development milestones

A

3-4 weeks: head, nervous system and backbone
5 week: umbilical cord
4-8 weeks: external body parts; eyes, ears, arms, hands, fingers, legs, feet, toes. Liver, lungs, pancreas, kidneys and intestines als start
week 14: fetal movement
week 18: heartbeat
week 24: sensitive to light and sound
week 28: fat –> chubby baby
week 29+: fast growth

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16
Q

Symptoms of pregnancy

A
  • missed menstrual period (not always)
  • higher body temp at ovulation that stays for more than 2 weeks (due high progesterone)
  • tenderness of breast (nipples)
  • vomiting/nausea
  • more frequent urination
  • feelings of fatigue
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17
Q

Pregnancy test

A

As early as possible, for good natal care
- detects hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
- false negative if it is too early
- 98-99% effective
- beta-hCG radioimmunoassay: early stages of hCG
-

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18
Q

Nägele’s rule

A

Deliviery date calculation
- First day of last cycle - 3 months + 1 year and 7 days

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19
Q

Physical changes 1st trimester

A
  • increase in hormones
  • breast swell and tingle
  • more frequent urination
  • morning sickness
  • fatigue/sleepiness
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20
Q

Psychological changes 1st trimester

A
  • moodswings
  • irrational cravings
  • etc.
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21
Q

Physical changes 2nd trimester

A
  • fetal movements
  • Edema
    -colustrum
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22
Q

Edema

A

Excessive fluid retention and swelling
- face, hands, wrists, ankles, and feet swell

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23
Q

Colostrum

A

A watery substance that is secreted from the breast at the end of pregnancy and during the first few days after delivery

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24
Q

Psychological changes 2nd trimester

A
  • depression is less likely
  • less anxiety if there is partner support
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25
Q

Physical changes 3rd trimester

A
  • Fetus is very active (also at night)
  • Size of uterus puts pressure on organs
  • Braxton-Hicks contractions
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26
Q

Braxton-Hicks contractions

A

Contractions of the uterus during pregnancy that are not part of labor
- could help strengthen the uterine muscles as preperation

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27
Q

Physical changes is dad

A
  • some experience indigestion, gastritis, nausea, change in appetite and headaches –> couvade syndrome
  • due to hormonal differences
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28
Q

Psychological changes in dad

A

Lower levels of testosterone may facilitate paternal behavior
- want to connect to the fetus
- how to help during delivery

29
Q

Preparing for the baby
- daddy edition

A

Support during the appointments

30
Q

Sex during pregnancy

A

You can safely continue
- advised against when there is a threath for miscarriage or preterm delivery

31
Q

Nutrition during pregnancy

A

The diet of the mother can determine the health of the baby
- protein, floic acid, calcium, magnesium, vitamin A and iron

32
Q

Risico’s voor zwangeren met overgewicht

A
  • hypertensie
  • gestational diabetes
  • keizersnede
33
Q

Risico’s voor de baby
- voeding

A
  • spina bifida (open ruggetje door floiumzuur tekort)
  • hydrocephalus
  • gespleten gehemelte
34
Q

Teratogen

A

A substance that produces defects in a fetus
- alcohol (fetal alcohol syndrome)
- drugs
- long term antibiotic use

35
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

Serious growth deficiency and malformations in the child of a mother who abuses alcohol during pregnancy

36
Q

Drugs during pregnancy

A

Cocaine: increased risk of premature birth, anatomical abnormalities in the brain and decreased oxytocin production. Deficits in memory, attention and social functioning
Marijuhana: lower verbal skills, and memory functioning. Can lead to infertility and supressed ovulation
Other: smoking slows growth, often with asthma. SSRI’s cause low birth weight, respitory distress and jaundice

37
Q

Effacement

A

A thinning out of the cervix during labor

38
Q

Dilation

A

An opening up of the cervix during labor, also called dilatation

39
Q

First stage labor

A

The beginning of labor, during which there are regular contractions of the uterus; the stage lasts until the cervix is dilated 8 centimeters

40
Q

Transition stage of labor

A

The difficult part of labor at the end of the first stage, during which the cervix dilates from 8 to 10 centimeters

41
Q

Second stage labor

A

THe stage during which the baby moves out through the vagina and is delivered

42
Q

Episiotomy

A

An incision made in the skin just behind the vagina, allowing the baby to be delivered more easily

43
Q

Third stage labor

A

The stage during which the afterbirth is expelled

44
Q

Cesarean section

A

A method of delivering a baby surgically by an incision in the abdomen

45
Q

Lamaze method

A

A method of ‘prepared’ childbirth involving relacation and controlled breathing

46
Q

Spinal block pain relief

A

Injection to spinal fluid sac which reliefs for about 2 hours

47
Q

Epidural

A

Block that numbs from the waist down and is injected very near the spinal cord

48
Q

Physical changes postpartum

A

Low levels of estrogen and progesterone
- exhausted and discomfort

49
Q

Postpartum depression

A

Mild to moderate depression in women following the birth of a baby

50
Q

Postpartum blues

A

Stemmingswisselingen, depressief gevoel, geïrriteerd, huilen afwisselen met positieve stemmingen

51
Q

Postpartum psychosis

A

Zeldzame, ernstige depressie. Wordt gekenmerkt door rusteloosheid, irriteerbaarheid, onderbroken slaap, ongeorganiseerd gedrag, stemmingswisselingen, wanen en hallucinaties

52
Q

Sex postpartum

A

Risk for infection and hemmoraghe right after birth –> wait at least 2 weeks

53
Q

Breast feeding

A

Oxytocin stimulates breat milk ejection in response to the baby sucking on the nipple
- first few dys is colostrum

54
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

Fertilized egg implants somewhere other than the uterus. Most commonly in the fallopian tube
- can happen in the ovary, cervix, or outside in the belly
- can lead to dead due to hemmhoraging

55
Q

Pseudocyesis

A

False pregnancy, in which the woman displays the signs of pregnancy but is not pregnant

56
Q

Preeclampsia

A

A serious disease of pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure, severe edema and proteinuria

57
Q

Amniocentesis

A

A test done to determine whether a fetus has birth defects; done by inserting a fine tube into the woman’s abdomen in order to obtain a sample of amniotic fluid

58
Q

Chorionic villus sampling

A

A technique for prenatal diagnosis of birt defects, involving taking a sample of cells from the chorionic villus and analyzing them

59
Q

Miscarriage

A

The termination of a pregnancy before the fetus is viable, as a result of natural causes

60
Q

Infertility

A

The inability of a couple to conceive a pregnancy after 1 year or more of trying

61
Q

Oorzaken voor onvruchtbaaarheid vrouwen

A
  • eileideronsteking (PID) door SOA
  • ovulatieproblemen
  • blokkade eileiders
  • vijandig slijm
  • eetstoornissen
  • teratogenen
  • > 35 jaar
62
Q

Oorzaken onvruchtbaarheid mannen

A
  • infecties door SOA
  • laag aantal zaadcellen
  • lage activiteit in zperma
  • obesitas
  • omgevingsoestrogenen
  • blootstelling aan bisfenol A )BPA) en ftalaat
  • > 40 jaar
63
Q

Artificial insemination

A

A procedure in which sperm are placed into the female reproductive system by means other than sexual intercourse

64
Q

In vitro fertilization IVF

A

A procedure in which an egg is fertilized by sperm in a laboratory dish

65
Q

Intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection ICSI

A

A type of assisted reproductive technology in which one sperm is injected directly into the cytoplasm of the egg to accomplish a fertilization outside the body

66
Q

Embryo transfer

A

A procedure in which an embryo is transferred from the uterus of one woman into the uterus of another

67
Q

GIFT

A

Gamete intrafallopian transfer, a procedure in which sperm and eggs are collected and then inserted together into the fallopian tube

68
Q

ZIFT

A

Zygote intrafallopian transfer, an assisted reproductive technology in which the egg is fertilized by sperm in the laboratory, and then developing fertilized egg is placed in the fallopian tube

Seksuologie (22 decks)

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