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Seksuologie > Sexual arousal > Flashcards

Sexual arousal Flashcards

1
Q

The human sexual response cycle

A

Desire phase
Arousal phase
Plateau phase
Orgasm phase
Resolution phase
–> cycle can repeat itself after

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2
Q

Desire phase

A

Sexual urges occur in response to sexual cues or fantasies

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3
Q

Arousal stage

A

A subjective sense of sexual pleasure and psychological signs of sexual arousl: in males, penile tumescence; in females, vasocongestion leading to vaginal lubrication and breast tumescence

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4
Q

Plateau phase

A

Brief period of time befor orgasm

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5
Q

Orgasm phase

A

In males, feelings of the inevitability of ejaculation, followed by ejaculation; in females, contractions of the walls of the lower third of the vagina

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6
Q

Resolution phase

A

Decrease in arousal occurs after orgasm
- in men particularly

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7
Q

Masters and Johnson

A

three stages of sexual response
- excitement
- plateau
- orgasm
- resolution

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8
Q

Arousal

A

Various erotic thoughts and physical stimulation trigger parasympathetic reflexes that cause an erection
–> Release of NO, dopamine, serotonin, exytocin
- cognitive factors involving visual stimuli and high levels of activity in the amygdala and hypothalamus contribute to sexual arousal and sexual response in males

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9
Q

Erection neuron initiation phase

A

Stimuli: imaginary, ausio-visual, tactile
Inhibition: depression, stress, fear
–> Paraventriculaire nucleus ‘ereto-motoric area’
Dopamine –> dopamine receptoprs –> NO, Oxy –> neuronal erectil signal
ERECTION

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10
Q

Excitement

A

During arousal increases in heart rate, blood pressure, skeletal muscle tone, and hyperventilation occur
- bulbourethral glands start working

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11
Q

Erection

A

Occurs when neurons release nitric oxide (NO) at their synaptic endings
- NO causes smooth muscles of the penile arteries to relac, vessels to dilate, blood flow to the erectile tissue increase
- the vascular channels engorge with blood, resulting pressure causes the penis to become stiff
–> erection is obstructed bloodstream

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12
Q

Penile anatomy

A

slide 36 idek

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13
Q

What happens during plateau stage

A

Changes that begin during arousal are sustained at an intense level
- head of the penis increases in diameter and the testes swell
- toward the end of the plateau stage, emission occurs

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14
Q

Emission

A

Sympathetic stimulation causes peristaltic contractions of the internal urethral sphincter, ampulla of vas deferens, seminal vesicle, prostate gland and external urethral sphincter

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15
Q

Ejactulation

A

Sympathetic stimulation of the ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles causes powerful rhytmic contractions that push the semen out of the penile urethra

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16
Q

Orgasm

A

Intensely pleasurable sensations associated with ejactualion
- other physiological changes include a pronounced increase in heart rate and blood pressure
- a serie of rhythmic contractions of the pelvic organs t 0.8 second intervals
- sharp increase in pulse rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate during orgasm
- for males, ‘ejaculatory inevitability’ is a sensation that ejaculation is just about to happen and cannot be stopped

17
Q

Resolution

A

Sense of profound relacation- genital tissues, heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, and muscle tone return to normal
- during the early period of resolution, males enter a refractory period during which a second ejaculation and orgasm are physiologically impossible
- Post Orgasmic Refractory Period 3 - 30 min. post orgasm
- brain activity in men suggest a de-arousal neural network

18
Q

Criticisms of Masters and Johnson’s model

A

Focused almost entirely on the physiological aspects of the response
- ignored what the person is thinking and feeling emotionally
- desire and passion are not a part of the model
Research exclude anyone whose pattern of sexual response did not include orgasm
- model cannot be generalized to the entire population

19
Q

Kaplan’s three stage model of sexual repsonse

A

Three relatively independent phases
- sexual desire
- vasocongestion of the genitals
- reflex muscular contractions of the orgasm phase

20
Q

Brancroft’s Dual Control model

A

Sexual response is controlled by two processes:
- excitation: responding with arousal to sexual stimuli
- inhibition: inhibiting sexual arousal
Both processes can be adaptive or distractive
Propensities towards both processes vary widely from one person to the next
Early learning and culture are critical factors

21
Q

Sex hormones

A

Interact with nervous system to influence sexual response
- organizing effects either activate or deactivate certain behaviors

22
Q

Men are more into:

A
  • sex
  • genital pleasure
  • orgasm
  • penetration
    –> more assertive
    –> bad ‘antenna’
23
Q

Women are more into:

A
  • the relation
  • contact
  • sensuality
    –> more submissuve
    –> sensitive for partner
    –> more feelings of guilt
24
Q

Erogenous zones

A
25
Q

Erectile dysfunction

A

Responsible for loss of quality of life in 12-24% of the population
- age related
- related to physical and mental condition
- comparable with infertility, angina pectoris, and rheumatoid arthritis

26
Q

Prevalence erectile dysfunction in NL

A

BOXMEER: 12% (1233) - 40-70 yr
KRIMPEN: 35% (1688 urological department) - 50-80 yr
ENIGMA: 17% (2117) - >18 yr

27
Q

Organic cause diagnosis erectile dysfunction

A

Onset is gradual
Course is consistant
Reason: no conflict
Situation is always
No morning erection
No erection with masturbation

28
Q

Psychological cause diagnosis erectile dysfunction

A

Onset is acute
Course is situational
Reason: conflict
Situation is situational
Normal morning erection
Good erection with masturbation

29
Q

Impact of erectile dysfunction

A

The sexual function and sexual identity fall away and there is no sexual activity as result

30
Q

Morbus peyronie

A

After baron François de la Peyronie
- fibrous tissue formed in the tunica albuginea

31
Q

Nesbit

A

Curve in the penis

32
Q

Retrograde ejaculation

A

Internal urethral sphintcter fails to contract, semen can enter the bladder
- sometimes happens after prostate surgery
- some medications can also cause
- neurological innervation problem
- not harmful but impairs fertility

33
Q

Medical treatment options erectile dysfunctions

A
  • medication (PDE-5 inhibitors)
  • intra urethral medication (MUSE and vitaros)
  • vacuum penis pump
  • injection therapy
  • penile implant
34
Q

PDE-5 inhibitors

A
  • Sildenafil: 1 hour before activity (4-6 hrs)
  • Tadalafil: 30 min before activity (24 hrs)
  • Vardenfil: 30-60 min before activity (4-6 hrs)
35
Q

Vacuum penis pump

A

Pump erect with vacuum

36
Q

Intra urethral medication
- vitaros and MUSE

A

Alprostadil (Pg E1) vasodilatation

37
Q

Injection therapy

A

Papaverine/fentolamin (Androskat)
–> Cave priapism (erection> 4 hrs)

38
Q

Prothese

A

Malleable penile prothesis
- inflatable penile implant

Seksuologie (20 decks)

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