Valve insufficiencies

Question 1

With mitral valve insufficiency the valve is unable to maintain _______ blood flow between left atrium and left ventricle, which results in ______ overload in the left atrium and ______ hypertophy of the left ventricle.

Answer 1

unidirectional

volume

eccentric

Question 2

Mitral Valve insufficiency ultimately progresses to ____-____ congestive heart fail and sometimes ____-____ heart failure. The most common valvular disease in adult dogs of ALL breeds older than ____ years. (Aquired MV insufficiency is uncommon in cats). It is mostly caused by ______.

Answer 2

left-sided

right-sided

5

endocardiosis

Question 3

With Mitral Valve insufficiency a ______ heart murmur can be heard at PMI ___ or ___ intercostal space which increases with intensity over time but may not correlate with the severity of _______ changes. Clinical signs are usually absent unless ____ ____ failure occures resulting in moist cough, ______ (or fast heart rate), restlessness at night, panting, exercise intolerance, dyspnea and synocpe. The cough may be do to _____ _____ due to enlargement of the left atrium) rather than by heart failure. Animals with _____ chordae tendinae or papillary muscle may present in _____ cardiac decompensation.

Answer 3

systolic

5th or 6th

hemodynamic

left heart

tachypnea

bronchial compression

ruptured

acute

Question 4

The ____ ____ enlargement often is the only finding with early or mild mitral insufficiency. Over time, the _____ _____ can become largely dialted. The ____ ____ enlarges in more severecases. Severe dialation of the ____ ____ can result in tearing of the atrial wall and hemorrhage into the _____ ____ causing a _____ effusion.

Answer 4

left atrial

left atrium

left auricle

left atrium

pericaridal space

pericardial

Question 5

Other names for Mitral Valve Insufficiency are?

DDFs for Mitral Valve insufficiency?

Answer 5

Chronic mitral valve disease

mitral valve regurgitation (or incopetence)

Mitral valve stenosis (rare)

Endocarditis

Question 6

What are some other names for Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency?

What are some DDFs?

Answer 6

Tricuspid regurgitatoin

Right heart failure is rare unless a more severe dz is present (HW, cardiomyopathy, endocarditis)

Question 7

Tricuspid vavle insufficiency means the tricuspid valve is unable to maintain ______ blood flow between the right atrium and the right ventricle. It is more common in older ____ and uncommon in ____. It usually occurs secondary to ____ _____ insufficiency. (Isolated tricuspid insufficiency is rare).

Answer 7

unilateral

dogs

cats

mitral valve

Question 8

A bilateral ____ heart murmur may be heard with tricuspid valve insufficiency due to concurrent mitral insufficiency, but would be loudest (PMI) over the ___ to ____ intercostal space. Clinical signs are usually absent unless ____ ____ failure occurs, resulting in ______ abdomen.

Answer 8

systolic

3rd to 5th

Right Heart

distended

(hepatomegaly and ascites), exercise intolerance and dyspnea (pleural effusion)

Question 9

Enlargement of the ____ ____ causes the cranial border of the cardiac silhouette to bulge forward (lateral rad) and expansion of the right craninal caridc boarder (DV/VD rad). ____ ____ insufficiency is usually concurrent, resulting in generalize ______.

Answer 9

right atrium

Mitral valve

cardiomegaly