Images Flashcards
Ribs are typically numbered 13 pairs with head of each rib articulating with cranial aspect of _____ _____ _____.
same numbered vertebra
Mineralization at costochondral junctions may become quite large (especailly in ____________ and ____ large breed dogs.
Page 277 chondrodystrophic and older large breed dogs.
Costal cartilages extend from distal end of each rib to ______.
pg. 277 sternum
Ribs curve outward at spine, then inward, then outward, and finally inward again to join sternum. (Creates a double C shape in ____-____)
On ventrodorsal radiographs, inward curving ribs create soft tissue opacity along inner thoracic wall, which may mimic _____ ____
pg. 278 cross-section (CT image)
plureal effusion
Postition of the diaphragm depends on animal’s ____ ____, ____ at time of radiograph, phase of _____, centering of __-___ ___ and whether abdominal or throacic ____ is present.
pg. 279 body shape, positon, respiration, x-ray beam, disease
Hypaxial muscles in cats displace dorsocaudal lung margins ______ and may be mistaken for ____ ____ on radiographs.
pg. 280 ventrally, pleural fluid
Viewing the radiograph:
Place the film so that the right side of the animal is to your?
left for both VD and DV views.
Lateral views:Place on the viewer so that the a cranial side of the animal is to?
The left. R or L markers on a lateral film of the trunk indicate the side on which the animal was lying when the film was taken (right or left lateral recumbency.). In _VD/DV film_s, these markers orientate the right and left sides of the animal. A quick check of the markers is the apex of the heart, located to the left in the VD or DV views.
Pulmonary vessels should be:
The pulmonary artery and veins should be equal in size. The artery to the cranial lung lobe is located dorsal and cranial to the vein in the lateral view. In the DV or VD views the pulmonary arteries are at the 4 and 8 o’clock positions and are lateral to the adjacent pulmonary veins. The bronchi lie between the artery and veins
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Gastric dilatation-volvulus is defined as an enlargement of the stomach associated with rotation on its mesenteric axis. Simply stated, the stomach twists inside of the abdomen. Dilatation refers to an organ or structure stretched beyond its normal dimensions and volvulus involves twisting or the rotation of an organ along an axis. While the cause of GDV is truly unknown, some think that exercise after ingestion of large meals of highly processed food or water has been suggested to contribute. We mainly think that large, deep chested dogs are more predisposed simply because they have more room in the abdomen for a malposition to take place.
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Christmas tree bladder: wall hypertrophy which cause irregular outline in cystography usually seen in neurogenic bladder or bladder neck obstruction
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Greenstick fracture: incomplete fracture of long bones usually seen in young children < 10 years age
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Bear paw sign: dilated calyces of the kidney whereas the renal pelvis is contracted, pathognomonic for xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
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Tree-in-bud sign: CT appearance of multiple areas of centilobular nodules with linear branching pattern, most commonly seen in tuberculosis or aspiration bronchopneumonia or bronchiolitis
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Bamboo sign: vertebral body fusion by marginal syndesmophytes resembling a bamboo stem on AP spinal radiographs, typically seen in ankylosing spondylitis
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Signet-ring sing: typical in bronchiectasis when the dilated bronchus is larger than the accompanying pulmonary artery in HRCT
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Drooping lilly sign: IVP in duplicated collecting system, where there is downward displacement of the lower pole system by the obstructed upper pole system
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Acccordian sign: oral contrast trapped between oedemetous haustral folds and pseudomembranes formed on the surface of the colon due to pseudomembranous colitis
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Coffee-bean sign: refers to abdominal plain film of sigmoid volvulus or in small bowel obstruction
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Honey comb sign: reffers to CT manifestation of diffuse pumonary sclerosis (usual in interstitial pneumonia)
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Target sign: refers to concentric altermative echogenic (mucosa - muscularis) and hypogenic (submucosa) band usual in intussusception
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Apple Core sign: Typical sign for colorectal cancer which produces eccentric thickening of colon wall. Refers to barium enema examination
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Popcorn calcification: amorfus calcications with arch and rings, most commonly present in several situations in breast (degenerative fibroadenoma), chondroid lesions (enchondroma or chondrosarcoma), fibrous dysplasia, pulmonary amartoma
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Corkscrew sign: diffuse esophaged spasm - motility disorder of esophagus
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Bat-wing pulmonary opacities: refer to bilateral perihilar shadowing in pulmonary edema
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Seagull sign: refers to adjacement of rectal peritoneum in anterior rectal wall
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Lead pipe colon: refers to barium enema in chronic Ulcerative Colitis due to total loss of colon haustral markings
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Cobra head sign: dilation of distal ureter surrounded by a lucent halo due to ureterocele
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Scotty dog sign: refers to normal appearance of lumbar spine in oblique projection
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Eggshell sign: refers to fine calcification at the periphery of a mass usually related to lymph nodes in silicosis, sarcoidosis, coal worker’s pneumoconiosis or in treated lymphoma
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Yoghurt sac sign: characteristic enlargement of cardiac silhouette in pericarditis
