Tumors of the Heart

Question 1

Cardiac neopasia is rare but can involve the _____, ______, _____, _____ or develop near the base of the large vessels. The tumors may cause cardiac _____ (timing issues), compromise chamber _____, or obstruct cardiac _____.

Answer 1

myocardium, endocardium, epicardium

arrhythmias

filling

output

Question 2

Types of Myocaridal tumors (primary, metastatic, benign)

Answer 2

Primary- hemangiosarcoma (MOST COMMON), fibrosarcoma, lymphoma (more cats), myxosarcoma, chondrosarcoma

metastatic tumors (usually left heart)- Adenocarcinoma (from lungs or mammory glands), melanoma (can extend to heart)

benign cardiac tumors (uncommon)- fibroma, myxoma ( benign tumor of connective tissue containing mucous or gelatinous material), rhabdomyoma

Question 4

Types of heart based tumors:

Answer 4

Chemodectoma (aortic body tumor) is MOST COMMON

lymphoma

Ectoic thyroid carcinoma

Ectompic parathyroid carcinoma

Question 5

What are the MOST COMMON heart tumors (2)?

What can pericardial effusion do to the heart and what is that called?

What are the clinical signs of heart tumors?

Lymphoma is more common in dogs or cats?

Answer 5

hemangiosarcoma (GSD are predisposed)- is an aggressive, malignant tumor of blood vessel cells

and chemodectomas- chemoreceptor organs are responsible for detecting changes in blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, and in blood pH.

Hemangiosarcomas are the most common and may invade the right atrium, right auricle, and/or atrioventricular junction.

compress the heart and cause a cardiac tamponade

anorexia, exercise intolerance and weight loss

cats

(hemangiosarcoma right atrium is primary tumor location in heart )

Question 6

Heart based tumors can dorsally displace the ______. A ____ effect may be evident near the aorta, pulmonary artery, right or left antrium. _____ effusion is COMMON with heart base masses. Pulmonary _____ lesions may be present.

Answer 6

trachea

Mass

Pericardial- cardiac silhouette is enlarged and globoid in appearance. Margins of mass are obscured. Pulmonary vessels and aorta may by small due to low venous return and low cardiac output.

metastatic- the result of metastatic spread to the lungs from a variety of tumours and can spread via blood or lymphatics.

Question 7

Myocardial tumors occur in the _____ of the heart and are usually malignant. Tumors inside a chamber rarely cause enlargement of the ____ ______. The tumors may lead to left or right ______ heart fail.

DDFs for myocardial tumors?

Answer 7

walls

cardiac silhouette

congestive

Cardiomyopathy- a primary disease of cardiac muscle that results in a decreased ability of the heart to generate pressure to pump blood through the vascular system.

Endocariosis- Over a period of time this results in thickening, stiffing, and distortion of the AV valves, ultimately leading to congestive heart failure (CHF)