Diaphram

Question 1

Tumors of the diaphram are _______. Abscesses and granulomas usually result from _____ or migrating _____ _____.

Answer 1

pg. 297 uncommon (e.g. rhabdomyosarcoma)

peritonitis- plant material

Question 2

DDX for diaphragm masses. (2)

Answer 2

1. Diaphagmatic hernia
2. Mass on diaphram or in lung or pleural space

Question 3

What is Diaphragmatic eventration?

Answer 3

It refers to an abnormal contour of the diaphragmatic dome. It typically affects only a segment of the hemidiaphragm, compared to paralysis/weakness where the entire hemidiaphragm is typically affected. Radiographic findings with eventration: asymmetrical with one part protruding further cranial than the rest, may mimic a caudal intrathoracic mass, no evidence of trauma, pleural effusion is absenct

Question 4

DDx for Diaphragmatic eventration (3)

Answer 4

1. Diaphragmatic hernia
2. Mass on diaphragm or in lung or pleural space.
3. Phrenic nerve paralysis

Question 5

Hiatal hernia clinical correlations are:

Answer 5

May be conginital or aquired. Affects both cats and dogs (may be hereditary in Chinese shar pei). Seen in younger animals. Hernia occurs through normal hiatus in diaphram. May be para-esophageal, para-aortic, or paravenous (adjacent to vena cava). Frequently the hernia is “sliding”. Most common = abdominal portion of esophagus or part of stomach proturdes into caudal mediastinum through esophageal hiatus.

Question 6

Hiatal hernia clinical signs are:

Answer 6

esophagitis, vomiting, regurgitation, hyperptyalism, dysphagia, and dyspnea. May cause compression and obstruction of esophagus

Question 7

DDf for Hiatal hernia (5) are:

Answer 7

1. Esophageal mass or foreign material
2. Caudal pulmonary or pleural mass
3. Gastroesophageal intussuscetion
4. Diaphram mass
5. Caudal mediastinal lymphadenopathy

Question 8

Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia clinical correlations

Answer 8

Diaphram usually tears along its costal attachment (along rib cage), displacement of abdominal viscera into thoracic cavity is variable. Border of diaphram is interrupted or not visible on one or more radiographs

Question 9

Clincal signs for traumatic diaphragmantic hernia

Answer 9

May be subclinical, GI sign to include vomiting, regurgitation, ptyalism, dyspnea and muffled heart sounds