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Uworld Gaby > UW 4 > Flashcards

UW 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Congenital dermal melanocytosis

A

Blue-dark spots on lower back and buttocks

Normal. More common in Hispanics, Africans, Blacks

No treatment required

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2
Q

Tumor Lysis sd

labs, tx, prophylaxis

A

Labs: high potasium, phosphate, uric acid; low calcium

Treatment: telemetry, electrolyte monitoring/treatment

Prophylaxis: IV fluids (to avoid deposition of uric acid and calcium phosphate and prevent stones formation)
allopurinol, rasburicase, febuxostat

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3
Q

Structural causes of recurrent pregnancy loss (4)

A

Uterine fibroids, adhesion, polyps.

Cervical insificiency

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4
Q

Endocrine causes of recurrent pregnancy loss (4)

A

Thyroid (hashimoto most common)
POS
DM
Hyperprolactinemia

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5
Q

Hashimoto thyroiditis antibodies

A 
Antithiroid peroxidase (antimicrosomal)
Antithyroglobulin
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6
Q

TCAs side effects and toxicity

A

Anticholinergics: dry mouthn, tachycardia, urinary retention
Antihistaminic: sedation, weight gain
Antiadrenergic: orthostatic hypotesion

Overdose: seizure, coma, cardiotoxicity ( prolonged conduction through the AV node, prolonged QRS), hyperpirexia and respiratory depresion

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7
Q

TCAs intoxication treatment

A

ABCs/supportive

-sodium bicarbonate if QRS >100msec, low BP. or arrythmia

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8
Q

Indications for statin therapy

A

21-75 with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

21-75 LDL>190

> 40 with diabetes

> 40 with LDL 70-189 and 10 year-risk of >7.5% (high itensity) >5% low intensity

> 40 with 10 year-risk

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9
Q

Ototoxic medications

A

Aminoglicosides
High dose salicilates
Ciplastin
Loop diuretics (furosemide; especially in renal failure)

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10
Q

Warfarin induced skin necrosis. (

definition and management)

A

Due to inhibition of protein C during the first few days of Warfarin initiation.

Lesions typically occur in extremities, trunk and penis and spread over a few hours.

Stop warfarin, give protein C

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11
Q

Clinical features of Pagets disease of the bone

A

a. Asymptomatic
b. Skull (headache, hearing loss), spine (spinal stenosis, radiculopathy), long bones (bowing, fractures, arthristis of adjecent joints.
c. Giant cell tumor, osteosarcoma

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12
Q

Labs of Pagets disease of the bone

A

Elevated ALP
Normal GGT (elevates in GI pathologies)
Calcium and PO usually normal
Elevated turnover markers (PINP, urine hydroxyproline)

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13
Q

Treatment of Pagets disease of the bone

A

Biphosphonates

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14
Q

Anion gap metabolic acidosis + calcium oxalate crystals

A

ethylene glycol ingestion

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15
Q

forschheimer spots; assoc. w/rubella

A

forschheimer spots; assoc. w/rubella

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16
Q

HIV-assoc. kidney disease

A

FSGS

17
Q

Intermitent explosive disorder

A

Inability to restrain aggressive behavior
Situation escalate rapidly, last <30min and patient feels remorse
Exclude other possible diagnosis first
Treat with SSRI

18
Q

Buspirone use

A

Anxiolytic use in generalized anxiety disorder

19
Q

Mediastinal tumor

A

Thyroid
Thymoma
Terrible lymphoma
Teratoma (and other germ cell tumors)

Seminoma: Elevated B-hCG, normal AFP
Non seminomatous: Elevated AFP, often B-hCG elevated too (yolk sac, ebryonal, mixed, choriocarcinoma)

20
Q

Suspected ectopic pregnancy algorithm (pg 317)

A

+ Urine B-hCG, and clinical symptoms

Unstable=====> surgery

Stable: TVUS
a. Adnexal mass = extopic pregnancy
b. Intrauterine pregnancy
c Non diagnostic ===> messure serum B-hCG
c.1. >1500: Repeat B-hCG + TVUS in 2 days
c2. <1500: Repeat B-hCG in 2 days

21
Q

Central cord sd.

A

Due to neck hyperextension usually in older patients

Weaknes of extremities most notable in upper body
Pain and temperture loss of sensation

22
Q

UTI and asymptomatic bateriruia in pregnancy treatment

A 
Nitrofurantoin for 5-7 days
Azithromycin for 3-7 days
Fosfomycin single dose
TMP-SMX (second trimester only)
Fluoroquinolones contraindicated
23
Q

Risk of oral contraception

A 
Hypertension
Thrombotic events
Hepatic adenoma
Cervical cancer
Stroke, MI (rare)
24
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia pg 365

A

Study

25
Q

Nontreponemal test

A

VDRL
PRR (plasma rapid reagin)

antibody to cariolipin-lecitin-cholesterol antigen

26
Q

Renal biopsy:

Effacement of podocytes foot proceces

A

Minimal change disease (most common nephrotic syndrome in <6yoa)

27
Q

Renal biopsy:

Renal deposition of IgG along the glomerular basement membrane

A

Goodpasture sd.

28
Q

Renal biopsy:

Longitudinal spliting of the glomerular basement membrane

A

Alport

29
Q

Renal biopsy:

Mensangial and capilary deposition of C3 and IgG

A

Post infectious glomerulonephritis

30
Q

Renal biopsy:

Mensangial deposition of IgA

A

IgA nephropathy (hx of GI or Upper respiratory infection)

Uworld Gaby (77 decks)

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