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Uworld Gaby > UW 13 > Flashcards

UW 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Acute vs Chronic leukemias

A

They may look similar but Acute leukemia present with much obvious severe symptoms.

Pallor/Fatigue due to anemia
Bleeding do to thrombocytopenia

Ages:
ALL: <13yoa
AML: 13-40
CML: 40-60
CLL: >60
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2
Q

Tear drop cell

A

Beta thalasemia and myelofibrosis

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3
Q

Findings in Lymphocytic leukemia

A

Acute: lymphoblast

Chronic: Smudge cell

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4
Q

CLL presentation

A 
Lymphadenopathies (cervical, supraclavicular, axilary)
Hepatosplenomegaly
Mild anemia and thrombocytopenia
Often asymptomatic
Severe lymphocytosis and smudge cells
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5
Q

Management of Urge incontinence

A

Life style modification and bladder training fisrts

Antimuscarinics (Oxybutinin) if trainning fails (SE: dry mouth, constipation, sedation)

Mirabegrom if oxybutinin not tolerated

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6
Q

Diagnosis of widening mediastinum

A

Stable patients: CT angiogram

Unstable patients: surgery or transesophageal ecorcardiogram

Aortography (via femoral artery) no longer routinely used

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7
Q

Nail changes in hyperthyroidsm

A

Onicolisis and clubbing

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8
Q

Eye changes on hyperthyroidsm

A

Lid lag: allows for visualization of the sclera on downward gaze

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9
Q

Endocrine changes in hyperthyroidsm

A

Hypercalcemia (increased bone turnover)
Hyperglycemia
Menstrual irregularities

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10
Q

Symptoms of cataracts

A

Gradual loss of visual acuity
Halos, glare around light
Myopic shift (attenuates the difficulty in close vision in patients with preexisting presbyopia)

Usually ok indoors

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11
Q

Risk factors for cataracts (6)

A 
Age >60
DM
Glucorticoids
Smoking
HIV
Chronic sun light exposure
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12
Q

Drusen (eye finding)

A

White or yellow spots usually found in cluster around the central retina due to age related macular degeneration.

Patients have difficulty with reading in both day and night. Does not cause excesive glare

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13
Q

Flame hemorrhages (eye)

A

Hypertensive retinopathy

Associated with monocular acute vision acuity and field defects, headache and other neurological symptoms

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14
Q

Mycroaneurism (eye)

A

Diabetic retinopathy

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15
Q

Medications that improve survival in patients with Left ventricular dysfunction

A

ACEI/ARA II

B-blockers (metoprolol, carvedilol, bisoprolol) (pindolol, acetobulol should be avoided due to intrinsic sympathomimetic activity) Atenolol has not been studied

Aldosterone antagonist

Hydralazine and nitrates combined

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16
Q

Contraindications for Bblockers in heart failure

A

Bradycardia

2nd and 3rd degree AVblock

Symptomatic hypotension

Asthma or reactive airway disease

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17
Q

Endocrine effects of primary hypothyroidsm

A

Low T3/T4 stimulates TRH secretion

TRH stimulates TSH and prolactin (headache and galactorrhea)

Elevated prolactin suppress FSH, LH and stroges

18
Q

Carpal tunnel sd managment

A

Splint
Corticosteroid injection
Surgery

19
Q

Tocolytics (name, MAO and SE)

A

Pg 348

20
Q

Viral examthems dxx (7)

A

pg 427

21
Q

Viral examthems where fever is not the prodminant feature

A

Rubella: low grade fever, lymphadenopaties (especially posterior cervical) maculopapular rash from head to toes

Parvo: low grade or absent. Slapped-cheek rash. Rash starts at the arms and spreads to chest and legs. Worsen with fever and sun exposure

22
Q

High fever and rash that appears once fever is gone

A

Roseola ifantum (Herpes 6 and 7)

Rash begins on trunk and spreads to face and extremities

23
Q

OCPs cancer correlation

A

Decreased risk of Endometrial and ovarian

Increased risk of breast and cervical cancer. (Risk normalizes after 10years of stopping OCPs

24
Q

Drugs that prolong QT

A

ABCDE

antiArrythmics (IA, III): sotalol, ibultilde, amiodarone quinidine, procainamide
antiBiotics: macrolides
antiCychotics: 
antiDepresats: TCAs
antiEmetics: Ondasetron
25
Q

Normal duration of QT

A

<0.44sec or 440msec in men

<0.46 or 446 in women

26
Q

Normal duration of PR

A

0.12-0.2 or 120 to 200msec

27
Q

Normal duration of QRS

A

<0,12 or <120msec

28
Q

Managment of Torsades

A

Magnesium
Cardiovert if unstable

IV isoproterenol and temporary peace maker if Magnesium is no effective

Correct K
Withdraw offending drugs

29
Q

Sings and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal

A

Tremor
Hypertension, tachycardia
Agitation
Malaise, nausea

Delirum Tremens

30
Q

Alcoholic hallucinations

A

12-24hrs since last drink

VIsual, auditory and tactile

31
Q

Delirum tremens

A

48-96hrs since last drink
Autonomic instability ( hypertension, tachycardia)
Disorientation, agitation
Hallucinations

32
Q

Postoperative fever

A

0-6 hrs: transfution, anesthesia, tissue manipulation

24hrs-1w: nosocomial infections, SSI1 (GAS or C. perfringes), DVT, PE, MI

1w -1M: Nosocomial, catheter, SSI2 (not GAS not perfrignes), C. difficle, drug fever, DVT, PE,

> 1m: viral infections, indolent organism

S. coag - is the most common organism for catether infections

33
Q

Indication that an infection is from the catether when it comes to culture

A

Culture taking from the catether grows bacteria faster than other blood taken from a peripheral site at the same time

34
Q

Efavirenz side effects

A

Used in HIV treatment is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Side effects in up to 50% of patients
Dizziness
Insomnia
Vivid or bizarre dreams
Depression
Anxiety
35
Q

Polyarteritis nodosa

A

Necrotizing vasculitis that presents with nodular rash, aneurysm formation and hematuria

36
Q

Clinical presentation of abdominal aortic anurysm

A

Asymptomatic

Abdominal, back or flank pain

37
Q

Diagnosis of placenta previa

A

Abdominal ultrasound (high false positive rate) and then TVUS

38
Q

Cocaine use disorder tratment

A

Psycotherapy and 12 steps groups

39
Q

Migrane treatment (abortive vs. maintainace)

A 
Abortive: 
Triptans
Ergotamine
Antiemetics
NSAIDs (naproxen)
Acetaminophen
Maintaince:
Topiramate
Valproic acid
Beta blocker
TCAs
40
Q

Sumatiptan MOA

A

Serotonin agosnist: Vasoconstriction

5-hydroxytryptamine

Only one dose in 24hrs and do not mix with ergotamine

41
Q

Treatment of Kawasaki disease

A

Aspirin

IV inmunoglobulin within 10 days of fever onset to prevent coronary art. aneurysm formation

42
Q

Albumin to creatinine ratio

A

> 300 mg/g is abnormal, reflects albumiuria

Uworld Gaby (77 decks)

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