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Uworld Gaby > UW 20 > Flashcards

UW 20 Flashcards

1
Q

Alcoholic neuropathy

A

Toxic neuropathy

Stocking and glove sensory deficits + ataxia
Burning pain, loss of pin prick and vibratory sensation

Loss of ankle reflexes

(If thiamine deficiency… demyelination occurs)

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2
Q

Fructose intolerance

A

Aldolase B deficiency

Symptoms appear once fruits and vegetables are including in the diet (or formula)

Vomiting ==> poor feeding ==> lethargy ==> seizures

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3
Q

Galactose intolerance

A

Galactosemia: (galactose-1 phosphate uridyl transfarase)

Jaundice, hepatomegaly, failure to thrive in the few first days of life

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4
Q

Lacunar strokes manifestations

A

Affect small penetrating arteries

Sings and symptoms are very specific: eg. pure sensory, pure motor.

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5
Q

Nightmare disorder vs. Sleep terror

A

Nightmare disorder: remembers dream, can be consoled. Occurs during REM. Full awakening

Sleep terror: does nor remember, patient is not fully awake, cant be consoled. Non-REM disorder

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6
Q

Treatment of psycosis (in order)

A

2nd generation antypsychotic (execpt clozapine)
1st gen
+/- benzo for agitation

Clozapine: for resistant (failure of >2 trials)
Long acting injectable medication: for non adherance

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7
Q

Add on therapy for DM that reduces cardiovascular risk

A

SGLT2 inhibitors: canagliflozin, empagliflozin. Increased urinary excretion of Na and glucose
SE: euglycemic ketoacidosis. increase UTI

GLP1 receptor agonist: semaglutide, liraglutide. Slow gastric emptying, decrease glucagon, increases insuline like growth factor.

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8
Q

FACT:

Patient with liver disease and prerenal AKI

A

HEPATORENAL SD

Splanic vasodilation ==> low vascular resistance ==> RAS system activation ==> renal vasocontriction ==> decreased perfusion and glomerular filtration

Treat with: volume repletion first, octreotide, mirodine, norepinephrine

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9
Q

Alarm symptoms to consider in a patient with Irritable bowel sd.

A 
Onset >50 yoa
Nocturnal diarrhea
Worsening pain
Unintended weight loss
Abnormal labs (iron def anemia, elevated inflammatory markers)
GI bleeding
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10
Q

Causes of secretory diarrhea

A

Infection
Neoplastic (VIPoma, gastrinoma)
Microscopic colitis
Bile salt diarrhea

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11
Q

Preferred fluid for resuscitation in burn victims

A

Ringer lactate

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12
Q

Preferred fluid for resuscitation in patients with bacterial peritonitis or hepatorenal sd

A

Albumin

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13
Q

In utero exposure to diethylstibestrol

A

Clear cell carcinoma

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14
Q

Risk factors for vaginal cancer (4)

A

> 60 yoa
VPH
Smocking hx
In utero diethylstibestrol (clear cell)

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15
Q

Management of DVT

A

Modified wells criteria

> 2 pts… Pressure ultrasound

Positive: anticoagulation

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16
Q

Discoid rash description

A

Scaly erythematous plaques
Ulcerate and scar
Hypopigmentation in the middle, surrounding hyperpigmentation

17
Q

Phantom limb pain management

A

Multidrug treatment:
TCAs, gabapentina, NMDA receptor antagonist (ketamine), opiods, acetaminophen

Adjuvant: biofeedback, CBT, mirror therapy

18
Q

Pronator drift significance

A

UMN symptom (piramydal/corticospinal tract disease)

19
Q

Lab findings in hyperemesis gravidarum

A

Hypocloremic metabolic acidosis
Ketonuria
Hypokalemia
Hemoconcentration

20
Q

Angiodisplasia (GI)

A

Common cause of painless bleeding. AV malformation

Incidence increases with age and is associated with Aortic stenosis, renal disease and vWF deficiency

More common in right colon but can be found anywhere

21
Q

Maturity onset diabetes of the young

A

Glucokinase mutation

Decrease secretion of insulin at any glucose level
Hyperglycemia is not as high as in DM

22
Q

Management of Gastroenteritis

A

If mild: supportive care only

Antibiotics reserved for severely ill patients

23
Q

Factorial desing

A

2 or more different interventions

Studying 2 or more different variables

24
Q

Cross-over study

A

Two groups.. two different treatments

Then.. switch

25
Q

When is macrocephaly normal?

A

Normal development
Normal neurological exam
Family hx

26
Q

Eczema herpeticum

A

Superimposed Herpes 1 infection

Regular herpes presentation + hemorrhagic crusting

Present with fever, irritability and lymphadenopathy

27
Q

LFTs in alcoholic hepatitis

A

Liver transaminase elevated but no more than 500

28
Q

Pyogenic liver abscess causes

A 
Biliary infection
Intestinal infection (through the portal system) eg. diverticulitis
Hematologic spread (systemic infection)

Drainage and culture

29
Q

CP450 substrates, inducers and inhibitors pg 254 FA Step 1

A

Warfarin, OCPs, Theophyline, Antiepileptic

30
Q

Medications that influence Warfarin effect but not CP450

A

Acetaminophen: interruption of Vit K recycling. Risk of bleeding

Antibotics: decrease vitamin K producing bacteria. Risk of bleeding

31
Q

Medications that cause SIADH

A

Carbamazepine , SSRI, NSAIDs

Uworld Gaby (77 decks)

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