UTIs Flashcards
what are the two main types of UTIs?
pyelenphritis (upper)
cystitis (lower)
what makes a UTI complicated?
male
child
pregnant
chronic
comorbid illness
upper (pelyenphritis)
abnormal tract
what is relapse vs reinfection?
relapse = same organism
reinfection = different organism
what is one of the biggest risk factors for UTIs?
aging - bc there is an increased risk for diabetes, urinary stasis, incontinence, impaired immune response
what are risk factors for UTIs in women?
short urethra, sex, contraceptives that alter flora, pregnancy
what are risk factors for UTIs in men?
anal sex and prostatic hypertrophy
what are most UTIs caused by?
e coli
what is the main virulence factor of e coli?
adherence (fimbrae)
what are some other common UTI causing organisms?
urease-producing organisms
staphylococcus saprophyticus
how can UTIs be diganosed?
dipstick (looking for nitrates and leukocytes)
uring culture (looking for significant numbers of bacteria)
how are urine samples collected?
clean catch mid stream (most common)
collection bags (children, contaminated)
indwelling cath (needle into cath/through diaphragm)
suprapubic aspiration (invasive, right from bladder)
how are UTIS treated?
emperically (often)
what drugs are used for uncomplicated cystitis?
nitrofurtoin or fosfomycin
cyclines or floxacins (second line)
what drugs are used to treat pyelonephritis?
b lactams and aminoglycosides
