skin bone and tissue infections

Question 1

what is included in the normal skin flora?

Answer 1

staphylococcus spp
micrococcus spp
corynebacterium spp
cutibacterium acnes

Question 2

what are Staphylococcus spp?

Answer 2

G+ bacteria that forms yellow colonies on blood agar
catalase positive (react in H2O2)
some are coagulase-negative (all non pathogens)

Question 3

what is Staphylococcus aureus?

Answer 3

• coagulase positive (pathogen)
• has hemolysins, interotoxins, pyrogenic toxins
• often causes resistance

Question 4

what are Streptococcus spp?

Answer 4

G+ catalase negative bacteria that form white different sized colonies on agar

Question 5

what are the categories of Streptococcus spp?

Answer 5

alpha-hemolytic (partial RBC hemolysis)
beta-hemolytic (full RBC hemolysis)
gamma-hemolytic (no RBC hemolysis)

Question 6

what is Streptococcus pyogenes?

Answer 6

group A strep
aggressive beta hemolytic short chain

Question 7

what bacteria are found in dead skin cells?

Answer 7

anaerobes
facultative - S. aureus and E. coli
obligate - B. fragilis and fusiform spp

Question 8

what are vesicles?

Answer 8

small fluid filled lesions like chicken pox

Question 9

what are bullae?

Answer 9

larger flat fluid filled lesions

Question 10

what are macules?

Answer 10

flat red inflammatory lesion

Question 11

what are papsules?

Answer 11

raised lesion, if with pus - pustules

Question 12

what is impetigo?

Answer 12

superififcal vesicular lesion
caused by S. pyogenes or S. aureus

Question 13

what is follicultiis?

Answer 13

infection of hair follicle
caused by S. aureus

Question 14

what is cellulitis?

Answer 14

acute spreading subcutaneous infection
caused by S. aureus, S. pyogenes, or anareobes

Question 15

what is erysipelas?

Answer 15

superficial cellulitis with lympathic involvement
caused by S. pyogenes

Question 16

what is a furuncle?

Answer 16

deep inflamed nodule
caused by S. aureus

Question 17

what is a carbuncle?

Answer 17

bigger furuncle in subcutaneous fat
caused by S. aureus

Question 18

what is staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome?

Answer 18

acute febrile illness with sunburn like eruption
caused by S. aureus

Question 19

what is scaled skin syndrome?

Answer 19

widespread bullae with exfoliative exotoxin
caused by S. aureus

Question 20

what is myostitis?

Answer 20

infection of skeletel muscle
caused by S. aureus

Question 21

what is gas gangrene?

Answer 21

necrotizing fasciitis of the skeletal muscle
caused by C. perfringens

Question 22

what is necrotizing fasciitis caused by?

Answer 22

S. pyogenes, C. perfringens, mixed anaerobes and aerobes

Question 23

what makes someone predisposed to necrotizing fasciitis?

Answer 23

diabetes, perineal infection, trauma, abdominal surgery

Question 24

what is septic arthritis?

Answer 24

infection of joints
caused by S. aureus, streptococcal spp, g- bacteria

Question 25

what is osteomyelitis?

Answer 25

infection of the bone caused by S. aureus, S. pyogenes, influenza, g- bacteria

Question 26

what causes diabetic foot infection?

Answer 26

S. aureus, B group streps, G- bacteria, anaerobes

Question 27

what predisposes you to diabetic foot infections?

Answer 27

peripheral neuropathy, reduced blood supply, etc