Childhood Viruses Flashcards
where is measles prevalent?
third-world countries with malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency
how is measles spread?
airborne and replicates in the respiratory tract to form viremia
highly transmissible
what are the symptoms of measles?
maculopapular rash (after two weeks)
fever and 3 C’s (cough, corzya, conjunctivitis
also - koplik spots
what re common complications of measles?
otitis media
pneumonia
encephalitis
death :(
when is measles communicable?
4 days after and 4 days before rash
what is the measles vaccine?
live virus administrated with mumps and rubella (MMR) and with varicella (MMRV)
introduced in 1963 (and second dose in 1980)
how is measles diagnosed?
IgM antibody levels
what is rubella
“german measles”
less severe than measles
how is rubella transmitted?
respiratory droplets or mom-fetus
how severe is rubella?
often asymptomatic in children
adults may get mild arthirits
congenital is severe
what are the main symptoms of rubella?
rash (within 2-3 weeks)
adenopathy (swollen lymph nodes)
what does congenital rubella cause?
if within first 16 weeks:
cardiac abnormalities
cataracts
deafness
organ damage
how is rubella diagnosed?
IgM antibodies
what is erythema infectious?
“fifth disease”
very common
parvovirus B19
how is erythema transmitted?
respiratory droplets or mom-fetus
what does congenital erythema cause?
fetal abnormalities or miscarriage
what are the symptoms of erythema?
“slapped cheek” facial rash
lacy pink rash on extremeties
is there a vaccine for erythema?
no
how is erythema diagnosed?
IgM antibodies
how is mumps spread?
respiratory droplets and fomites
what is the main symptom of mumps?
cheek/lymph node swelling (usually parotid gland)
what are the complications of mumps?
orchitis (causes sterility in young men)
meningitis
encephalitis (rare)
pancreatitis (rare)
how is mumps diagnosed?
urine test (PCR)
viral RNA in saliva
what is the incubation period of mumps?
2-3 weeks
