Hepatitis Viruses Flashcards
what is Hep A?
naked RNA picornavirus
how does Hep A spread?
fecal-oral (common in developing countries
how does Hep A get into your body?
ingested, replicates in bowel wall, spreads to liver (2-4 weeks incubation)
what are the symptoms of Hep A?
most are asymptomatic
mild juandice
can you be a carrier of Hep A?
no - no long-term sequelae
how is Hep A diagnosed?
IgM antibodies
how is Hep A prevented?
vaccine (sometimes with Hep B)
post-exposure immune globulin (if immune-compromised)
what is Hep B?
hepadnavirus with carrier state of chronic or persistent hepatitis
what are the chances of becoming a carrier of Hep B?
90% for neonates
5% for adults
how is Hep B spread?
parentally, perinatally, sexually
how transmissible is Hep B (for needle stick)?
30%
what does chronic Hep B cause?
liver failure
portal hypertension
hepato-cellular carcinoma
how is Hep B prevented?
post expsoure prvetnion HBIG vaccine
regular vaccine
how is chronic Hep B prevented?
lamivudine (or tenofvir and entecavir)
how is Hep diagnosed?
detection of HBsAg (surface antibodies) to see if they are currently infected
detection of AntiHbsAg antibodies (>10 UI) to see if they have immunity
detection of AntiHB core antibodies to see if currently infected
what is Hep C?
small enveloped RNA virus that is widely distributed
how is Hep C spread?
by blood
what is the needle-stick transmissibility of Hep C?
3%
what are the symptoms of Hep C?
75% have no/mild symptoms
40-60% get chronic liver disease
20% get cirrhosis
what is the incubation period of Hep C?
2-20 weeks
how is Hep C diagnosed?
antibody test (screening)
PCR (confirmatory)
how is Hep C prevented?
good public health measures
no vaccine
what is Hep D?
incomplete RNA virus that requires the presence of Hep B
when is Hep D worse?
when infection happens concurrently with Hep B
