bacterial cell structures

Question 1

what appendages are found on bacterial cells?

Answer 1

flagella
fimbrae
pili

Question 2

what are flagella?

Answer 2

long whip structures that propel bacteria through liquid (swimming)

Question 3

what are fimbrae?

Answer 3

short thin filaments that attach bacteria to the host

Question 4

what are the two types of flagella?

Answer 4

monotrichouse (single) or peritrichous (multiple in a bunch)

Question 5

what are pili?

Answer 5

short thin filaments that transfer dna between bacteria

Question 6

what is the capsule?

Answer 6

material (often polysaccharide) that covers cell exterior with thick slime

Question 7

what is the cell wall?

Answer 7

peptiodglycan layer (crosslink with NAG and NAM)

Question 8

what type of cell walls do G+ bacteria have?

Answer 8

thick peptidoglycan

Question 9

what type of cell walls do G- bacteria have?

Answer 9

thin peptidoglycan layer with outer membrane and periplasmic space

Question 10

what type of cell wall do acid fast bacteria have?

Answer 10

thin peptidoglycan with a waxy layer and myolic acids

Question 11

what is the cell membrane?

Answer 11

lipid bilayer which controls in and out of substances and contains endotoxin in G- bacteria

Question 12

what is the cytoplasm?

Answer 12

liquid with variety of substances where metaboism occurs

Question 13

what are ribisomes?

Answer 13

RNA and proteins that make proteins using two subunits

Question 14

what are bacterial chromosomes?

Answer 14

DNA in a long circular molecule in the cytoplasm

Question 15

what are plasmids?

Answer 15

small DNA circles outside of cytoplasm that move between bacteria

Question 16

what are endospores?

Answer 16

dormant form of bacteria

Question 17

what types of bacteria are there based on O2?

Answer 17

aerobic (need oxygen)
anaerobic (need no oxygen)
facultative anaerobic (can do either)
microaerophilic (need small amounts of oxygen)

Question 18

what is the method of the gram stain?

Answer 18

crytstal violet dye (dyes all purple)
iodine (fixes dye)
alchohol (washes out dye from G-)
safranin (dyes G- pink)

Question 19

what is the method of the acid-fast stain?

Answer 19

strong red dye (dyes all red)
alcohol (washes dye from non-AFB)
counterstain with blue/green (dyes non-AFB)